1. Resource Efficiency Sustainable Public Procurement Module 6. Coordination of GPP and Ecolabelling Programs in different countries Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP)

2. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Use: The material can be used free of charge, provided it is used within UNEP's SPP and Ecolabeling activities. It may also be reused in other contexts provided that: 1) it is reused in a suitable manner, that is not misleading, 2) it excludes the UNEP logo and 3) it acknowledges UNEP's ownership and Aure Adellt’s authorship – you can use the following wording: Presentation prepared by XXX using as basis UNEP’s SPP Training Toolkit slides prepared by Aure Adell. Use: The material can be used free of charge, provided it is used within UNEP's SPP and Ecolabeling activities. It may also be reused in other contexts provided that: 1) it is reused in a suitable manner, that is not misleading, 2) it excludes the UNEP logo and 3) it acknowledges UNEP's ownership and Aure Adellt’s authorship – you can use the following wording: Presentation prepared by XXX using as basis UNEP’s SPP Training Toolkit slides prepared by Aure Adell. Statement: Given the diversity of legal contexts where the material will be used, the people in charge of using the material and the receiving administrations must assess (either by themselves or with independent legal advice) the suitability and legality of the examples offered within their specific context and modify them accordingly. Acknowledgment: This presentation have been developed by Aure Adell based on the documents: “Green Public Procurement & Ecolabelling in Japan” (by Sonal Parasnis) and “Case Study 2: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in Japan’s Public Sector in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A” (by Ecoinstitut). The author wants to thank Hiroki Kobayashi (Japan Environment Association - JEA) for the additional input. Acknowledgment: This presentation have been developed by Aure Adell based on the documents: “Green Public Procurement & Ecolabelling in Japan” (by Sonal Parasnis) and “Case Study 2: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in Japan’s Public Sector in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A” (by Ecoinstitut). The author wants to thank Hiroki Kobayashi (Japan Environment Association - JEA) for the additional input.

3. Resource Efficiency Sustainable Public Procurement  Policy Framework Evolution  Japan Eco Mark  GPP Policies and implementation activities  Monitoring system and results  Challenges & Success factors GPP and Type I Ecolabeling in Japan

4. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Evolution of the Policy Framework

5. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989  Japan Type I Ecolabel Scheme established  In the form of an incorporated foundation (non-profit organisation): Japan Environment Association (JEA)  In collaboration with the government (the Environment Agency at the time)

6. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993  “Basic Environment Act” for the promotion of the use of goods and services to help in reducing environmental impact

7. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 1994  “Action Plan on Green Government Operations”, which included GPP commitments and reporting requirements

8. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 1994  Creation of the Green Purchasing Network with a mix of public administrations, companies and NGOs  To promote and support GPP implementation in the whole country 1996

9. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 2000  Act Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities, a.k.a. “Act on Promoting Green Purchasing”  Targets the central government, state public institutions and local governments  “Basic Policy” to be defined that will include the priority product/service categories for GPP and the environmental criteria to use  Compulsory for central government 1994 1996

10. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Policy Framework over the years… 1989 1993 2000  Act concerning the Promotion of Contracts Considering Reduction of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Others by the State and Other Entities a.k.a. “Green Contract Law” approved to complement the Act on Promoting Green Purchasing  6 categories: electricity supply, buying and renting cars, design of ships, energy service contracts, building design and industrial waste disposal plants.  Concrete procurement methods 1994 1996 2007 ± 90% total Gov. GHG emissions

11. Resource Efficiency SPPEL General remarks on the policy framework  Japan is one of the forerunners on GPP  Focusing first on the promotion of greener products and services (coordinated support Ecolabel-GPP)  Expanding it to other sectors with important climate impact and for which no ecolabels exist

12. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants:  What surprise you of this policy framework in comparison to your country’s government GPP approach?  Any question?

13. Resource Efficiency SPPEL The Japan Eco Mark Main characteristics of the ecolabel Eco Mark institutional framework Product categories and certified products

14. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label main Characteristics  Voluntary, type I ecolabel (ISO 14024)  Certifies products and services  Type of information: Leadership  All life-cycle stages in consideration  Multiple Impacts addressed  Multiple sectors covered  Third-party verification http://www.ecomark.jp

15. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Eco Mark Institutional Framework  Different organisations and stakeholders are involved in those committees: -Experts in environmental preservation, education and economics -Consumers rights organisations -Industry representatives -Other government agencies (in the product criteria develop. committee, depending on the categories) Secretariat (JEA) Secretariat (JEA) Planning and Strategy Committee Criteria Deliberation Committee Product Certification Committee Product Category-based Criteria Development Committee Steering Committee

16. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label Product Groups Prod/serv groups with criteria developed: Products: Paper and office stationary IT office equipment (computers, screens, printers, toner…) Textiles (for industrial use, for the household, clothes and shoes) Bags and suitcases Cleaning products and sanitary paper Construction materials (tiles, boards…) Lubricant oils Packaging materials and containers Water-saving equipment Paints… Services: Hotels and inns Retail stores Car sharing Ammonia production process Prod/serv certified: (Oct, 2015) 59 5,553

17. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Green Label Product Groups  The product/service categories are selected by the: Planning and Strategy Committee Comprised of experts and researchers, relevant government organisations, experts in consumer issues, etc.  Based on, among other criteria, the potential for environmental conservation.

18. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Eco Mark Certified Product Evolution  Several reasons explain the increase: establishment of GPN, policy support to GPP, general societal awareness, increase of product categories for Eco Mark, etc.

19. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants:  Any doubts or comments on the Japanese Eco Mark? Product/Service categories covered? Evolution over time?

20. Resource Efficiency SPPEL The Implementation of Green Public Procurement Policy objectives and commitments Information resources Recognition of good practices

21. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Implementation of GPP  The main objective of the Act is: -To encourage all society sectors (public, private, citizens) to shift the demand towards eco-friendly goods – without encouraging total increase of demand Act on Promoting Green Purchasing Drafted by MoE Drafted by MoE Negotiated with other ministries Approved by the Parliament

22. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing  The policy requires to develop:

23. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing  For central government agencies, the policy doesn't set any overall GPP targets but it requires that:  Procurement is decentralised, so each agency has to implement GPP

24. Resource Efficiency SPPEL  For local governments and other administrations: Act on Promoting Green Purchasing

25. Resource Efficiency SPPEL  Promotion also by citizens and companies: Act on Promoting Green Purchasing

26. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Act on Promoting Green Purchasing  Additional provisions to support implementation:

27. Resource Efficiency SPPEL  The Act on Promoting Green Purchasing defines eco-friendly goods as those that:  Open definition Recycled content Materials or parts/components contribute to the reduction of environmental impact Greenhouse gas, etc. emitted due to the use of the goods do not cause a large environmental impact Parts/components can be easily reused or recycled, to limit generation of waste Services, which contribute to the reduction of environ. impact Others Recycled content Materials or parts/components contribute to the reduction of environmental impact Greenhouse gas, etc. emitted due to the use of the goods do not cause a large environmental impact Parts/components can be easily reused or recycled, to limit generation of waste Services, which contribute to the reduction of environ. impact Others Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing

28. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing  The Basic Policy norrows it and provides: -The list of designated product & service categories -The specific GPP criteria to use in the procurement of those product & service categories  In the preamble the Basic Policy encourages the practical use of standards and in fact, for overlapped product categories, it takes into account Eco Mark criteria (except some criteria).

29. Resource Efficiency SPPEL  Furthermore, the criteria and prod/serv categories are selected considering: -Future revisions and additions -The progress of development and popularization of environmentally-friendlier goods -Accumulation of scientific knowledge -It also incorporates the opinions of experts from the academic and business worlds, and also receives request from public, while ensuring transparency. Basic Policy on Promoting Green Purchasing

30. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Basic Policy: minimum level Eco Mark: leading runner Example: ballpoint pen (made of plastics) Eco Mark : the rate of recycled plastics needs to be 70 wt% or more GPP Basic Policy: the rate of recycled plastics needs to be 40 wt% or more 59 categories (in 2015) : includes items for general consumers (Certification by the third party: Japan Environment Association) 21 categories (in 2015) : items purchased by public authorities (Self declaration by manufacturers) Level of criteria

31. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Advisory Meeting Call for proposal Public Comment Negotiate with other ministries GPP Advisory Meeting Hearing from Industry Associations GPP Advisory Meeting Negotiate with other ministries Cabinet Approval Public Experts Industry Associations (IAs) Other ministries + IA Experts Public Experts Other ministries + IAs Cabinet  Review designated products + GPP criteria, consider proposals and then set up a direction of revision  Discuss the comments received, and finalize the review in order to provide advice and recommendations  From public during a month  Adjustments in light of the comments from IAs  On the revised version  The revised Basic Policy is defined and decided by Cabinet Basic Policy annual review process  The modified Basic Policy

32. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Product Categories with GPP Criteria  In 2015: 21 products/services categories selected

33. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Institutional framework Ministry of Environment  Main agency in charge of developing the GPP policies and deploying the GPP activities (providing GPP resources, conducting training…)  Compiling monitoring GPP results from central Gov. Agencies and monitors GPP implementation at the local level Other Ministries  Implement GPP (plan, do, monitor)  Provide input and approve the Basic Policy (the Cabinet) Other public authorities  Implement GPP

34. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Institutional framework Green Purchasing Network  NGO funded in 1996 by JEA  2,500 members (80% companies, 10% public administrations, 10% NGOs) in 2015  Promote green procurement in all society sectors (before the GPP Act)  Provide support, resources, training, etc. Industry sector  Provide green products and services  Provide information on the environmental characteristics of their products/services  But also buy green themselves

35. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: Criteria guidelines +  Provides information on environmental criteria to be used in procurement processes for the prioritised product/service categories -21 prod./serv. categories by Government (Basic Policy) -19 prod./serv. categories by GPN (in 2015)

36. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: Prod. / Serv. database  Database of environmentally friendly certified products/services by GPN  Over 15,000 certified products  Also list of products that comply with the Basic Policy criteria (based on self-registration) +

37. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Information Resources To support GPP implementation the Min. Environment and GPN provides different resources to practitioners involved in procurement: GPP training  Every year, the Min.Environment conducts briefing sessions for procurers  Briefing sessions are also held after the revision of Basic Policy  GPN also conducts training workshops to train the procurement staff, mainly at local level +

38. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Other support actions  Recognition awards : Green Purchasing Awards and Eco Product Award  GPP local networks : led by local governments and companies.  Eco-product exhibition : annual forum for exchange and opportunities between procurers and companies  Eco-points program : to promote citizens green procurement  Other promotion programms : e.g. Green Vehicle Purchasing Promotion Measure program

39. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants:  What would you like to know better about the GPP Act, Basic Policy and other measures that the Japan Government implements to promote GPP? In relation to your own government…  What elements do you like of the Japan’s strategy and should be considered in your country?

40. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Monitoring system and results Monitoring system Level of GPP implementation Market transformation Benefits of GPP

41. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System  Since 2001, annually  Different system depending on the target group: central government or local authorities  2 results reports, one on GPP in the central government and another on GPP at local level compiled by Min.Environment and published in Min.Environment’s website  The status of GPP in each local authority based on the questionnaire answers and the case studies (organised by organisation’s size and category) are also available in a searchable database.

42. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Central Government level...  The aspects measured are: -Number of central gov. authorities that submit GPP policies and report results -Amount and % of purchase of green products/services for the designated product categories -Environmental impact – in CO 2 (under revision)

43. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Central Government level...  Each agency tracks (through their own mechanisms) the number of designated products/services purchased and how many are green  To facilitate data reporting and homogeneity, an electronic standard form (spreadsheet) was set up  Agencies have to report at the end of the fiscal year

44. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For the monitoring at Local Government level…  Objectives: assess the current status of GPP, identify good examples and be able to provide advice and support  Survey via questionnaire (mostly multiple-choice)  Sent to the responsible person for GPP in all local authorities nationwide based on the contacts list that the Min. Environment keeps up-to-date Green Purchase Guideline for Local Authorities Feedback papers to all respondents +

45. Resource Efficiency SPPEL GPP Monitoring System For estimating the impact on the market…  To evaluate the share of green products in the market, the Min. Environment monitors the market presence (as percentage) of green products over the total for 10 product groups of the designated groups in the basic policy, most of them office stationary.  Results are presented by year and compared to the baseline in 2001.  The information required is provided by each industry association every year.

46. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: GPP Implementation Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A. 100% Central Gov. agencies published their GPP policies and results (2012)

47. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: GPP Implementation Total procurement and green purchases ratio for fluorescent lamps Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A.

48. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Market transformation Market share of eco-friendly fluorescent lamps Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A.

49. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Market transformation Percentage of Green Products in the Market (in 2012 against the 2001 baseline) Source: Ecoinstitut (2015). Case Study 3: Monitoring Green Public Procurement in the Government of Thailand in Monitoring Sustainable Public Procurement Implementation Recommendations and Case Studies. 10YFP SPP Programme WG2A.

50. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Results: Environmental Benefits of GPP  Estimated environmental benefits estimated for 2013 GHG reduction 412,390 Ton CO 2 GHG reduction 412,390 Ton CO 2 = 239,000 households

51. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants:  What would you like to ask about how the Japan Government monitors his GPP policy?  What did you like of the monitoring system and market/environmental impact assessment in Japan?  And what could you bring and try to adapt and implement in your government?

52. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Challenges & Success Factors

53. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Challenges & Success Factors Several challenges were faced at first. However, over the past years, several approaches were implemented to overcome these challenges: -Mandatory policy -LCC considerations   Higher cost of ecolabelled products  Availability of ecolabelled products in the market  Awareness and knowledge about the ecolabelled products -Business effort due to the market opportunity with the GPP regulation  -Min. & GPN outreach -GPN online databases -Basic policy… 

54. Resource Efficiency SPPEL Question to participants: Any additional thing you would like to ask? Or get more clarifications on? Or discuss?