2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKES CYCLONES FLOODS LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

4. OCTOBER 8, 2005 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE

5. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 8:50 AM OCTOBER 8, 2005 M7.6 10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH 79,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN; 1,400 IN INDIA COLLAPSED SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS 3 MILLION HOMELESS

6. THE SEVERITY OF THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE WAS RELATED TO ITS MAGNITUDE, SHALLOW DEPTH, SOIL AMPLIFICATION, AND POOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

7. PAKISTAN COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION EARTHQUAKE RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT

8. EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES LIKE THE 2005 QUAKE OCCUR MAINLY AS A RESULT OF INTERACTIONS OF THE INDO-AUS- TRALIAN AND INDIAN (EURASIAN) PLATES

9. OCCURRENCE The earthquake occurred in the Main Boundary Thrust Zone (MBTZ), which runs along the Himalayan Arc for about 2,500 km. The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.

10. OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE Experts believe that the October 8 th earthquake released only about 10 percent of the accumulated strain energy.

12. COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES

13. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

14. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

15. GROUND SHAKING MAP

16. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

17. ISLAMABAD

18. MUZARAFFABAD

19. BALAKOT

21. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

22. MUZAFFARABAD (LANDSLIDE)

23. JAMMU, INDIA

24. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

25. ISLAMABAD

27. MUZAFFARABAD

29. LAHORE

30. BALAKOT

31. KASHMIR

32. AFGHANISTAN

33. MUZAFFARABAD FOOD LINE

34. URI, INDIA

36. JABALA, INDIA

37. RELIEF FROM USAID

38. FOOD FROM CHINA

39. FOOD DISTRIBUTION

41. KAMAL KOT, INDIA

42. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

43. TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - - ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.

44. LONG-TERM NEEDS OF PAKISTAN NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. NEED: NEW INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

45. STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

46. STARTING POINTS IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER IN-COUNTRY BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH LESSONS FROM THE OCTOBER 8, 2005 DISASTER GROUND SHAKING MAPS INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS GROUND SHAKING MAPS INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS