1. Taxonomy Linnaeus – Binomial Nomenclature Study of naming and classifying organisms

2. Phylogeny Classification based on evolutionary history Phylogenetic Trees

3. Cladistic Analysis Cladograms – based on order in time things branch (dichotomous branching)

4. Cladistic Analysis Homologies – similar due to evolution Analogies – similar due to environment Convergent Evolution

5. Cladistic Analysis Monophyletic – ancestor and all the descendents Paraphyletic – ancestor and some of the descendents Polyphyletic – multiple ancestors

6. Cladistic Analysis Primitive characteristic – ancestral (outgroup) Derived characteristic – unique to clade

7. Cladistics and Taxonomy Clade patterns are used to place species into a hierarchy

8. Parsimony Simplest answer is probably correct

9. Pitfalls Analogy vs. Homology

10. Reptilia???

11. Domains

12. Domain: Bacteria

13. Domain: Archaea Carl Woese – Prokaryotic cell but similar to Eukaryotes in DNA replication and Protein synthesis

15. Domain: Eukarya Protista – kingdom divided into many different kingdoms

16. “Kingdom” - Protista

17. Kingdom: Plantae

18. Charophytes

19. Division: Bryophyta

20. Division: Pterophyta

21. Gymnosperms

22. Angiosperms

23. Kingdom: Fungi

24. Kingdom: Animalia

25. Phylum: Porifera No true Tissue Choanocytes – collar cells

26. Phylum: Cnidaria Radial Symmetry Nematocysts – Stinging cells

27. Phylum: Platyhelminthes Acoelomates Flatworms

28. Phylum: Nematoda Pseudocoelomates Roundworms

29. Phylum: Mollusca Protostomes Soft and unsegmented Radula

30. Phylum: Mollusca

31. Phylum: Annelida Protostomes Soft and segmented

32. Phylum: Arthropoda Protostomes Hard and Segmented Jointed feet

33. Phylum: Arthropoda

34. Phylum: Echinodermata Deuterostomes Water-vascular system Secondary Radial Symmetry

35. Phylum: Chordata Deuterostome Notochord Hollow, Dorsal Nerve Cord Post Anal Tail Pharyngeal Gill Slits

36. Subphyla: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

37. Subphyla: Vertebrata

38. Superclass: Agnatha

40. Class: Chondricthyes

41. Class: Osteichthyes

42. Class: Amphibia

43. Amniotic Egg

44. Class: Reptilia

45. Class: Aves

46. Class: Mammalia