1. Weather, Climate, and Me Lesson 6 What make the wind?

2. Think about …. What did we learn from the last lesson about the relationship between temperature and wind direction? What did we learn from the last lesson about the relationship between temperature and wind direction? What evidence do we have about the movement of weather from West to East? What evidence do we have about the movement of weather from West to East? WHAT CAUSES WIND? WHY DO AIR MASSES MOVE? WHAT MAKES THE WIND?

3. Weather, Climate, and ME Lesson 6 What makes the wind? What are the patterns of the prevailing winds?

4. What we think about …… …the sun’s heating of the Earth, air temperature, and how winds occur. …the sun’s heating of the Earth, air temperature, and how winds occur. Consider the following: Consider the following: 1. Air pressure and temperature 2. Air pressure changes at elevation 3. Air pressure expansion at elevation Record your ideas.

5. Also consider that….. ….air pressure decreases with an increase in elevation. ….air pressure decreases with an increase in elevation. ….air pressure is determined by the weight of the air above. ….air pressure is determined by the weight of the air above. ….air pressure expands as the pressure lowers and, as a result, the ….air pressure expands as the pressure lowers and, as a result, the temperature decreases. temperature decreases. (Recall the pop bottle experiment.) (Recall the pop bottle experiment.)

6. Movement of air masses requires energy. Where do you think this energy comes from? Where do you think this energy comes from? How is this related to how winds occur? How is this related to how winds occur?

7. Balloon Lab (pages 20 and 21) Procedure: Procedure: 1. Partially inflate the balloon and put it over the opening of the flask. 2. Measure the circumference of the balloon. 3. Put the flask in warm water for ____ minutes, remove and measure the circumference of the balloon. 4. Put the flask in cold water for ____ minutes, remove and measure the circumference of the balloon. 5. Return the flask to room temperature and measure the circumference of the balloon. 6. Make a data chart. What trends did you see? 7. Draw and label……..

8. How does temperature affect the expansion of air? Cool video #1 Cool video #1 Cool video #2 Cool video #2 Cool video #3 Cool video #3

9. Share your ideas…. Did you include…. Did you include…. 1. why you think warm air expands and cold air contracts? 2. a discussion of air movement in the flask and balloon? 3. how this activity relates to air movement in the atmosphere?

10. Discuss the following terms. Convection Convection Molecules Molecules Density Density Expand Expand Contract Contract Air Air How are these terms related in explaining the results of your investigation?

11. Ask yourself the following…. Did we observe convection in this investigation? Did we observe convection in this investigation? Did we see/record evidence of… Did we see/record evidence of… 1. …the movement of air due to expansion and contraction? 2. …pressure caused by change of temperature? 3. …movement of air (rising warm air/sinking cold air) due to density? How could we set up a demonstration that shows the movement of air due to convection?

12. CONVECTION DEMONSTRATION

13. CONVECTION VIDEOS Cool Convection Video #1 Cool Convection Video #2 Cool Convection Video #3 Cool Convection Video #4

14. What Makes the Wind? Read pages 22 and 23 in your journal. Read pages 22 and 23 in your journal. Highlight key terms and ideas Highlight key terms and ideas

15. Surface Pressure Change Map Surface Pressure Change Map Learning Lesson: Drawing Conclusions - Surface Pressure Change Map 1. Lightly draw blue lines connecting equal values of the +2 millibars pressure change.

16. Solution 1 Learning Lesson: Drawing Conclusions - Surface Pressure Change Map Solutions Solution 1

17. …..continued 2. Using a blue pencil, draw the remaining “positive” pressure change value(s) at two millibars intervals. Learning Lesson: Drawing Conclusions - Surface Pressure Change Map Solutions Solution 1

18. Solution 2

19. …..continued 3. Using red pencils draw a line connecting equal pressure values of less than 0. 4. Finally, using black, draw a line the zero line.

20. Solutions 3 and 4 Solution 3

21. …..continued Cold fronts are often located in areas where pressure change is the greatest. The front represents the boundary of different air masses. Cold air is more dense than warm air so when a cold front passes your location, the pressure increases. We analyze for pressure change to look for these boundaries. We can also tell where high pressure and low pressure systems are moving by looking where the greatest change is occurring. Cold fronts are often located in areas where pressure change is the greatest. The front represents the boundary of different air masses. Cold air is more dense than warm air so when a cold front passes your location, the pressure increases. We analyze for pressure change to look for these boundaries. We can also tell where high pressure and low pressure systems are moving by looking where the greatest change is occurring. 5. Shade, in red, the region where the surface pressure change is -2 mb or less. 6. Shade, in blue, the region where the surface pressure change is +2 mb o rmore.

22. Answers 5 and 6 Solution 4

23. …and this is what it looks like on a actual weather map.

24. Wrap Up Discussion Discuss : 1. How the sun’s warming of the land and oceans changes the temperature of the air. 2. Warmer, less dense, air masses rise pushed up by the cooler denser air moving in. 3. Cooler air has molecules that are moving more slowly and are closer together, making the air denser.

25. Review you weather data chart. How does wind relate to an increase or decrease in temperature? What is the evidence to support your conclusion? How does wind relate to an increase or decrease in temperature? What is the evidence to support your conclusion? What evidence do you have of warm air being forced up by colder air moving underneath. What evidence do you have of warm air being forced up by colder air moving underneath. It is this air movement that creates the wind. It is this air movement that creates the wind. Complete you journal entry.

26. Weather, Climate, and ME Lesson 7 What happens when warm and cold air masses meet? air masses meet? How are clouds formed?

27. REVIEW What have you learned about what makes the wind? What have you learned about what makes the wind? 1. Warm air __________resulting in convection. 2. Describe the density of warm air compared to cold air. 3. Describe the molecules of warm air compared to cold air. 4. Describe mass of warm air compared to cold air.

28. ….continued What are air masses? What are air masses? They are large bodies of air about the same temperature. What do you think will happen if/when a warm air mass and a cold air mass come together?

29. LET’S FIND OUT!

30. CONVECTION CURRENTS Mixing Cold and Hot Water View this… Cool Convection Video Cool Convection Video Journal Entry pages 25 and 26 1. Draw and label what you think will happen when you remove the divider between the hot and cold water. 2. Explain why you think that will happen. 3. Draw and label what happened. 4. Explain your results. Use the terms convection and density in your response.

31. Discuss: ….your observations. ….what you think is happening to the warm and cold water. ….the patterns you observe. ….your explanation of why this is happening. how this demonstrates what is happening between warm and cold air masses in the atmosphere.

32. Now What do you think about… …what happens when warm and cold air masses meet?

33. Weather Front Picture Set How does the warm and cold water behavior relate to the pictures of warm and cold air? How does the warm and cold water behavior relate to the pictures of warm and cold air? Tell more about the area where the warm water (air) and cold water (air) meet. Tell more about the area where the warm water (air) and cold water (air) meet. How does the weather front connect to your understanding of the term convection? Density? How does the weather front connect to your understanding of the term convection? Density? How does the demonstration (YouTube video) of convection relate to weather fronts? How does the demonstration (YouTube video) of convection relate to weather fronts?

34. Compare and Contrast Warm and Cold Fronts Compare and Contrast Warm and Cold Fronts Check out the link above and …. Check out the link above and …. relate your previous investigations to what happen s in the atmosphere and the weather. relate your previous investigations to what happen s in the atmosphere and the weather. Share you ideas. Share you ideas.

35. Part 3 How Are Clouds Formed List your initial ideas using what you have learned about air masses and how they interact. List your initial ideas using what you have learned about air masses and how they interact. Recall the 2 liter bottle air pressure investigation. Recall the 2 liter bottle air pressure investigation.

36. Let’s Make a Cloud in a Bottle Let’s Make a Cloud in a Bottle Share your ideas and activity page responses with the class. BaDaDup BaDaDup BaDaDup! Share your ideas and activity page responses with the class. BaDaDup BaDaDup BaDaDup! Cloud Formation - Check This Out! Cloud Formation - Check This Out!Check This Out!Check This Out! Share what you have just seen in your own words. (Check your ideas with the ones on the next slide.) Share what you have just seen in your own words. (Check your ideas with the ones on the next slide.)

37. Here You Go When the sun warms the Earth, the air at ground level that contains water vapor is heated and begins to rise and as it rises, it begins to cool. When the sun warms the Earth, the air at ground level that contains water vapor is heated and begins to rise and as it rises, it begins to cool. Clouds form when the humid air is cooled because the water condenses on tiny suspended particles (nucleus) and forms droplets in the atmosphere. Clouds form when the humid air is cooled because the water condenses on tiny suspended particles (nucleus) and forms droplets in the atmosphere. Also, when a warm air mass meets a mass of heavier cold air, the warm air is also forced to rise. As the warm air ascends, it cools (is under less pressure from the atmosphere), and clouds form. Also, when a warm air mass meets a mass of heavier cold air, the warm air is also forced to rise. As the warm air ascends, it cools (is under less pressure from the atmosphere), and clouds form.

38. Interactive Water Cycle Interactive Water Cycle Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Slightly Less Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Slightly Less Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Slightly Less Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Slightly Less Awesome YouTube Water Cycle Water Cycle Rap Water Cycle Rap Water Cycle Rap Water Cycle Rap

39. Wrap up Discussion and Journal Entry How does cloud formation in a bottle relate to cloud formation in the atmosphere? 1. Pressure and temperature change in the bottle is like rising warm air in the atmosphere. 2. Water in the bottle is like water vapor in the atmosphere. 3. Smoke is like particulate matter in the atmosphere.

40. Why does temperature change from one day to the next? Consider the following… 1. Cold and warm air masses are to trends in weather data. 2. Air masses, winds, cloud formation, and the sun’s warming of the Earth. Use you word sort cards to…. Complete your Journal Entry