1. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 ISTEC Mission Visit Paul M. Grant Strategic Science & Technology Electric Power Research Institute 21 November 1997

2. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 EPRI Organization

3. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 SS&T Organization

4. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 EPRI Superconductivity Total: $3.125 M

5. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 EPRI/ASC CC Alliance Total: $3.5 M

6. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 EPRI SR&D  UMD (Eichorn): Spinel and Perovskite TMOs  IBM-Columbia (Scott, Walker): Copper Sulphate Perovskites  UCSD (Schuller): Phase Spread + Microwave Response Scanning  TCSUH (Chu): Hg-Compounds and Tapes; Monitor USO Sightings New Materials & Processing

7. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Pirelli/EPRI/ASC Phase II SPI Cable Demo Cable Specs –24 kV, 2000 A rms,”Warm Dielectric” –120 meters, 3  Location –Inner-city substation –Major US utility Programmatics –3 yrs, $5.4 M, 40% DOE, 60% Pirelli/EPRI

8. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 HTSC Wire C/P Specs

9. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 BSCCO OPIT/Ag : Ag Component, C/P Assumptions/Costs –Tape Dimensions: 5 mm  0.5 mm –50% HTSC Fill Factor –I C = 100 A –Ag Cost = $0.153/gm Ag C/P = $20/kA  m

10. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 J C Paths in BSCCO OPIT/Ag Polarized Micrograph Magneto-Optic Image J C Paths > 3.6  10 5 A/cm 2 > 2.6  10 5 A/cm 2 > 1.6  10 5 A/cm 2 > 0 A/cm 2

11. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 “The SokPlot”

12. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Wire C/P Market Entry Thresholds Time C/P ($/kA×m) Substation Elimination SMES/FCL/Transformers 70% New UG Cables

13. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Electricity & SC: Weakest Scenario Environment –Global Climate Change Proven/Perceived! –“Real-time” Carbon Sequestration Successful Geopolitics –Regional Instability a Fact –Economic Gap between Nations Grows Fuel Types & Location –Gas, Fossils, Renewables Dominate No More Nukes! –Distributed Generation Grows

14. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Electricity & SC: Strongest Scenario #1 Environment –Global Climate Change Proven/Perceived! –“Real-time” Carbon Sequestration Impractical –Risk Abatement Policies Implemented Geopolitics –Regional Stability Uncertain –Economic Gap between Nations Continues Fuel Types & Location –Nukes, Hydro, Non-Transportables Dominate –Regional Centralized Generation Grows

15. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Electricity & SC: Strongest Scenario #2 Environment –No Link Between CO 2 and Global Climate, or –“Real-time” Carbon Sequestration Successful –Risk Abatement Unnecessary Geopolitics –Regional Stability Achieved –Economic Gap between Nations Shrinks Fuel Types & Location –Massive Global Exploitation of Fossils –Global Centralized “Well-Head” Generation Grows

16. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Global Electrification Via Superconductivity

17. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 The Superconducting Electricity Pipe! Total Cryo System Power: 5 GW dc Cost: 500 Miles

18. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Operating Parameters Capacity50 kA, ±50 kV; %GMW Length1610 km Temperature Rise, 1 K every 10 km, 65 K, 1 W/m heat input 21,600 liters LN 2 /hr, 100 kW coolers, 120 gal/min Vacuum 10 -5 -10 -4 torr10 stations/10 km need 200 kW

19. EPRI P. M. Grant ISTEC Mission Visit 21 November 1997 Gas/HVDC Comparison Marginal Cost of Electricity (Mid Value Fuel Costs ) 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 05001000150020002500 Miles c/kWh LVDC ($5.5/kA-m @ 65K) LVDC ($10/kA-m @ 77K) HVDC gas pipeline