1. Transport circulatory and respiratory system

2. Vocabulary Agglutin-: to glue together Brady-: slow Diastol- dilation Embol-: stopper Erythr-: red -gen: to be produced -gram: written Humor-: fluid Immun-: free Inflamm-: set on fire Leuko- white Nod-: knot -osis: abnormal condition Path-: disease -phage: to eat -poie: to produce -stasis: halt Tachy- fast Thromb-: clot -syn:together Systol-: contraction Hema-, Hemat- or hemo-: blood -emia: blood condition

3. Blood Function of blood: to transport substances and maintain homeostasis Blood: a type of connective tissue with 2 main components: cells and plasma blood

4. Blood 1.Cells: 45% RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets 2.Plasma: 55% water, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste Hematocrit: a blood test to determine the percentages of cells to plasma in blood

8. Types of blood cells 1.Erythrocytes: red blood cells (RBC’s): transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide Shaped like biconcave discs Do not have a nucleus Do not divide on their own Hematopoiesis: formation of red blood cells inside bone marrow Old blood cells are destroyed by the liver and spleen

10. Red Blood Cells Erythropoietin: hormone that stimulates RBC formation RBC formation Hemoglobin: protein that carries oxygen on blood cells Iron is needed to make hemoglobin

12. Red Blood Cells Oxyhemoglobin: oxygenated blood (bright red) Deoxyhemoglobin: deoxygenated blood (dark red)

13. Red Blood Cells RBC production needs: Folic acid, vitamin B12, Iron Anemia: decreased RBC’s

14. Types of Blood cells 2. Leukocytes: Function is to protect the body against invaders and disease Less in number than RBCs and much larger wbc kill bacteria Diapedesis: WBC’s leaving the blood stream to carry out their functions wbcs

16. Types of WBCs Neutrophils: active phagocytes 60% of WBCs Present in pus of wounds

17. Types of WBCs Eosinophils: mainly attack parasites 2% of WBCs

18. Types of WBCs Basophils: produce heparin (blood thinner) and histamines (inflammatory hormone) 2% of WBCs

19. Types of WBCs Monocytes: become macrophages 6% of WBCs

20. Types of WBCs Lymphocyte: main immune system cell Produces antibodies 30% of WBCs

21. Blood Platelets Thrombocytes: (platelets) cell fragments that clot blood platelets

23. Hemostasis Hemostasis: the stoppage of bleeding 1.Blood Vessel Spasm: serotonin is released and vessels constrict 2.Platelet plug formation: platelets plug the opening 3.Blood coagulation: fibrinogen is converted into fibrin and forms a clot clotting

24. Blood Clotting Coagulation: the thickening of blood to form a clot (hematoma) Thrombus: an abnormal blood clot Embolus: when the clot moves to another place

25. Plasma Plasma: the liquid portion of blood (92% water) Transports nutrients, gases, and vitamins Maintains electrolyte and fluid balance plasma donation

26. Plasma Proteins Albumins: help regulate blood pressure Globulins: transport lipids and antibodies Fibrinogen: important in blood clotting

27. Blood Disorders 1. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (silent killer) CO binds to hemoglobin preventing oxygen binding 2. Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia: low iron (most common) Aplastic anemia: bone marrow not producing enough RBCs Hemorrhagic anemia: caused by extreme blood loss Pernicious Anemia: caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency

28. Blood Disorders Sickle Cell Anemia: (genetic) abnormally shaped RBC cannot carry oxygen Symptoms: pain, lethargy, low RBC count, organ failure, stroke

29. Blood Disorders 3. Leukemia: cancer of the blood Overproduction of WBCs crowding out RBCs

30. Blood Disorders 4. Mononucleosis (mono): caused by the Epstein- Barr virus Increase in one type of WBC in the blood stream 5. Blood Poisoning (septicemia or sepsis): infection enters the blood stream

31. Blood Disorders 6. Thrombocytopenia: low platelet production causing bruising or bleeding 7. Hemophilia: (genetic) causes clotting failure 8. Jaundice: bilirubin is secreted into the blood because the liver is not functioning fully

32. Blood Types Blood types: controlled by 3 alleles A and B are dominant O is recessive abo blood group

34. ABO Blood Group Antigens: molecules on the surface of red blood cells that react with antibodies Antibodies: react with their same antigen and clump red blood cells Blood typeAntigenAntibody AAB BBA ABA and BNone O Both A and B

35. Blood donors

36. Blood Donors Universal Donor: type O Universal Receiver: type AB

37. Rh Blood Groups Rh Blood groups: a person can either be Rh – or Rh + (positive is dominant) Antigen D present = Rh + Antigen D not present = Rh –

38. Problems with Rh factors Erythroblastosis fetalis : when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ baby, the mothers immune system will attack the fetus

39. Blood Transfusion Agglutination: the clumping of RBCs after a blood transfusion