1. Bacteria

2. Bacteria _______________ Kingdom One-celled organism NO NUCLEUS……___________________!

3. Bacteria Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosomes Cytoplasm DNA floats freely.

4. Bacteria Bacilli- Rod Shaped Spirilla – Spiral shaped Bacteria are found in 3 different shapes. 1. Cocci – Round or Sphere shaped

5. Bacteria Reproduction ASEXUAL reproduction Binary Fission Bacteria cell duplicates and splits in half.

6. Types of Bacteria Bacteria are parasites. Organism that feeds off of another living thing. Some bacteria are also saprophytes Organism that feeds off of dead things. In harsh environments, some bacteria form endospores. A wall forms to protect the DNA for short to long periods of time. EX: Anthrax has survived for millions of years in its endospore form.

7. Bacteria “Good” Bacteria Helpful EXAMPLES: Give flavor to milk, cheese, bread, yogurt, etc. Break down soil, help crops grow, make chocolate, digest your food “Bad” Bacteria Harmful EXAMPLES Cause infection, disease, illness, etc.

8. Bacteria vs. Viruses Living organisms Single-celled Can live in many different types of environments. Antibiotics can kill bacteria not alive smaller than bacteria Must invade living cells (host) to grow & reproduce When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over the cell’s organelles, redirecting it to produce the virus.

9. Bacteria Living Organism Virus Not a living organism

10. Bacteria Can grow on non- living surfaces Virus Must have a living host

11. Bacteria Some can be useful Virus All are harmful

12. Bacteria Antibiotics can kill Virus Antibiotics can NOT kill

13. Similarities: B oth can cause disease. Microscopic

14. H1N1 Virus A new influenza virus causing illness in people. First detected in people in the United States in April 2009. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and bird (avian) genes and human genes. http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm

15. Bacteria and Humans

16. Food Positive Added to give flavor Used to help make some foods Examples: Cheeses, buttermilk, yogurt, sour cream, pickles, soy sauce Fertilize crops Negative Can cause food to spoil Spoil Water Food poisoning E. Coli, Salmonella are more well known bacteria in food.

17. Food Preservation Processing of food so that less bacteria grow and reproduce Heat Pasteurization (140 F)- used in “delicate foods” Sterilization (canning) Cold Refrigeration (extends shelf life) Freezing (slows or stops multiplication Salting/Drying Make materials too hypertonic for bacteria http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/sfenstemaker/biology_j.cfm?subpage=5 72420

18. Fuel Positive Break down garbage to produce methane gas. Bacteria produced methane used for cooking and heating.

19. Environmental Cleanup Positive Some help garbage and sewage to decompose Some break down oil, pesticides, and plastics

20. Industry Positive Used in tanning leather. Extract copper and gold from rock Negative Can damage industrial products

21. Health and Medicine Positive Bacteria in your intestines help digest food Antibiotics Make Vitamins Negative Can make people sick Examples: strep throat, ear infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis Can cause cavities

22. What is an antibiotic? An antibiotic is a medicine that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi. Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1927.

23. Fungi

24. Fungi Fungi Kingdom Single-celled or Multicellular EUKARYOTIC! Found EVERYWHERE! (Deserts, Arctic) Sexual or Asexual Reproduction

25. Fungus Structures Mycelium - Vegetative part (plant) of a fungus, consisting of branching, thread- like hyphae. Hyphae - Threadlike tubes that weave and branch Fruit - The reproductive part of the fungus. (mushroom) Spore – reproductive structure dispersed to grow a new mycelium (fungi organism) Fruit Hyphae

26. How Do Fungi Eat? Fungi don’t make their own food (no chloroplasts) Saprophytes - living on dead organic matter such as leaf litter Parasites - Organism that feeds off of off of another living thing

27. “Good” Fungi Helpful EXAMPLES: mushrooms (yum!), medicine/antibiotics, yeast/bread, etc. “Bad” Fungi Harmful EXAMPLES: Athletes foot, sick, destroy crops, mildew, etc.

28. Fungi: are they more like plants or animals? PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph

29. Fungi: are they more like plants or animals? PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph

30. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph

31. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls

32. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls

33. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls

34. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplast

35. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplastNo chloroplast

36. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplastNo chloroplast No chloroplast

37. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplastNo chloroplast No chloroplast Create their own food.

38. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplastNo chloroplast No chloroplast Create their own food. Digest their food then ingest their food

39. PlantsFungiAnimals Plants use photosynthesis Autotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Cannot make their own food— Heterotroph Have cell walls Have cell walls Do not have cell walls Have chloroplastNo chloroplast No chloroplast Create their own food. Digest their food then ingest their food Ingest their food then digest their food

40. Microscopic Photographs