1. The Field of Organizational Behavior
Chapter 1

2. Learning Objectives
Define the concepts of organization and organizational behavior (OB).
Describe the field of organizational behavior’s commitment to the scientific method and the three levels of analysis it uses.
Trace the historical developments and schools of thought leading up to the field of organizational behavior today.
Identify the fundamental characteristics of the field of organizational behavior.

3. Learning Objectives
Describe how the field of OB today is being shaped by the global economy, increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce, and advances in technology.
6. Explain how changing expectations about the desire to be engaged in work, the need for flexibility in work, and the pressure to promote quality have influenced the field of OB.

4. Organization
A structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together to meet some agreed-upon objectives.

5. Organizational Behavior
The field that seeks increased knowledge of all aspects of behavior in organizational settings through the use of the scientific method.

6. Four OB Field Characteristics
Applies Scientific Method to Managerial Problems
Studies Individuals, Groups, and Organizations
Multidisciplinary in Nature
Enhances Organizational Effectiveness and Individual Well-Being

7. OB applies the Scientific Methods to Practical Managerial Problems
Behavioral Sciences: Filed such as psychology and sociology that seek knowledge of human behavior and society through the use of the scientific methods.

8. OB applies the Scientific Methods to Practical Managerial Problems
How Goals Can Enhance Job Performance
How Jobs Can Be Designed to Enhance Employee Satisfaction
When Individuals and Groups Make Better Decisions
How Organizational Communication Can Be Improved
How Work-related Stress Can Be Alleviated
How Leaders Can Enhance Team Effectiveness

9. OB Focuses on Three Levels of Analysis

10. OB is Multidisciplinary in Nature
Multidisciplinary Roots of OB
Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
Political Science
Economics
Management Science

11. OB Seeks to Improve Organizational Effectiveness and Quality of Life at Work
Theory X vs. Theory Y

12. Why Is It Important to Know about OB?
Satisfied Employees
More Pleasant at Work
Lower Costs
Higher Productivity
Less Likely to Quit
Unsatisfied Employees
Reject Organization Policies
More Likely to Steal
Increased Mental and Physical Illnesses

13. Two Fundamental Assumptions
1.Dynamic Nature of Organizations
Open Systems Model

14. Fundamental Assumptions
Ob Assumes There is No “One Best” Approach
Contingency Approach: A perspective suggesting that OB is affected by a large number of interacting factors. How someone will behave is said to be contingent upon many different variables at once.
Behavior
Contingent Upon Certain Conditions

15. OB History Scientific Management Human Relations Movement
Efficient Design of Jobs
Human Relations Movement
Hawthorne Studies

16. OB History Classical Organizational Theory OB as a Social Science
Efficient Organization Structure
Division of Labor
Bureaucracy
OB as a Social Science
The Infotech Age

17. Three Prominent Trends
1.a. Increasingly Global Businesses
Multinational Enterprises (MNE)
Repatriate
Culture Shock
Expatriate
Changing Management Perspectives
Convergence Hypothesis
Divergence Hypothesis

18. 1.b. Increasingly Diverse Workforce
Prominent Trends
1.b. Increasingly Diverse Workforce

19. 2. Responding to Technology Changes
Prominent Trends
2. Responding to Technology Changes
Leaner Organizations Creation
Downsizing
Outsourcing
Virtual Organization Creation
Increasing Telecommuting Use

20. 3. Responding to Changing Expectations
Prominent Trends
3. Responding to Changing Expectations
Increasing Engagement
Increasing Flexibility
Idiosyncratic Work Arrangements
Flexible Hours
Contingent Workforce
Compressed Workweeks
Job Sharing
Voluntary Reduced Work Time

21. Responding to Changing Expectations
Prominent Trends
Responding to Changing Expectations
The Quality Revolution
Total Quality Management
Benchmarking
Malcolm Baldridge Quality Award