2. Breathing System of an Engine Structure of Hardware to have A Full Breath for Better Performance…. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department

3. The Routine Inhalation of fresh air. Intake of diet. Compression of air. Digestion of intake with air. Generation of Mechanical Motion. Exhalation of waste. A cyclic creature called natural air breathing Machine.

4. Most Crucial Event of A Routine Inhalation of fresh air. Depends on –Structure of Respiratory system. –Effectiveness of Exhalation process. –Timing & Duration of Inhalation process. –Is the start of Exhalation process rightly done?!?!?

5. Something about Air Air is not only vital for any life form on earth but also important for today’s state of the art I.C. engines. An average Heavy Duty Diesel truck engine requires between 13,000 to 20,000 liters of air to burn just one liter of fuel. Diesel engines need a strong lungs. The atmospheric air is polluted with all kinds of contaminants, such as fumes, dust, smog and other particles. Under normal highway conditions, the air consumed by a 16 liter engine contains almost 20 kilograms of dirt/contaminants per 100,000 kilometers. An air filter with 99% of filtration efficiency will allow 200 mgms of dust into engine. This amount of dust will cause substantial wear of the cylinder –piston system.

6. operational Strategies for Breathing A Major Compromise due to Strong Influence of time ! Efficient Space Management: 4-stroke cycle: Requires two complete revolutions to complete a cycle Efficient Time Management: 2-stroke cycle: Requires one complete revolution to complete a cycle

7. Strategies to Create Better Cylinder Environment at Start of Intake

8. The Four Stroke Cycle : An Obvious Choice

9. Two Stroke Cycle : A Smart Thinking!

10. (Wastage of Time) Wastage of Space Time - Space Compromise : Symptoms of Incomplete Breathing Naturally Aspirated Engines

11. Engine Variations for Better Breathing Air Intake Process Naturally aspirated Turbo charged Supercharged Crankcase compressed Mixture Preparation Carburetion Throttle body injection Multipoint fuel injection Direct or indirect fuel injection

12. Hardware for Better Breathing

13. Hardware for Clean Breathing : Anatomy of Air Filter

14. Performance of a Air Filter A superior method for comparing and classifying filters is the determination of the fractional efficiency T(x). The fractional efficiency T(x) yields more information and is not dependent on the particle size distribution: where c 0 = concentration in raw gas, c = concentration in clean gas, x = particle size.

15. Selection Criteria for an Air Filter Define Penetration P as: Figure of Merit:

16. Modern Air Filters

17. Basic Duty of an Air filter

18. Life Cycle Effectiveness of an Air Filter : High Porosity Nano oven Filter

19. Life Cycle Effectiveness of an Air Filter : Multi Layer synthetic Car Filter