1. 14: Infection, Disease & Epidemiology From www.washup.org: Actual handwashing behavior after using public restrooms is lower than reportedwww.washup.org (U.S. Adults, Aug. 2000)

2. Symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism opportunism

3. resident microbiota transient microbial interaction antagonism/competition cooperation synergism

4. portals of entryExposure contamination infection parenteral

5. Adhesion hooks, suckers capsules, fimbriae adhesins

6. portals of exit

7. Disease terminology disease/morbidity mortality pathology etiology pathogenesis pathogen frank opportunist compromised host Evidence for disease symptoms signs syndrome

8. - some word roots

9. Others: psychogenic hypersensitive autoimmune

10. Koch’s Postulates

11. Virulence factors

12. cytotoxins neurotoxin enterotoxins antitoxins toxoids lipid A Limulis amoebocyte lysate assay

13. Virulence factors Others: M proteins mycobacterial waxes leukocidins

14. Stages of an infectious disease

15. Sources of infection droplet fomite

16. Scope of a disease How it moves in population Severity/duration Extent of host involvement subclinical

17. (new cases)/(people at risk) (all cases)/(people at risk) Epidemiology: occurrence

18. sporadic endemic epidemic pandemic

19. John Snow’s 1854 study of a cholera epidemic Kinds of studies descriptive analytical experimental

21. CDC Publications Visiting the CDC Eg: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)

22. Nosocomial infections 5-15% of patients 90,000 die/yr exogenous factors endogenous factors iatrogenic infection superinfection Asepsis!!!

23. Unusual case of nosocomial infection (9/01)

24. Human Defenses (should be review from A & P; if not see Ch 15-17 & Ch 18 for abnormal) Innate (nonspecific) 1st line: skin & membrane barriers, secretions 2nd line: phagocytosis, killing by leukocytes, inflammation, fever, complement system of proteins, interferons, antimicrobial peptides Adaptive (specific; 3rd line) Humoral response: B lymphocytes & antibody proteins Cell-mediated response: T lymphocytes & perforin-granzyme 4 ways to acquire immunity natural active (exposure to pathogen) natural passive artificial active (exposure to pathogen by vaccination) artificial passive

25. How do (bacterial) antibiotics work? (10.2)