1. Blood Types & Transfusions

2. Blood Transfusion The process of transferring blood from one body to another. – For 300 years doctors had tried this and more often than not their patients would become sicker and even die – Why? Why were some patients Ok after a transfusion and why did other patients die? – Isn’t blood universal, all the same?

3. Antigens and Antibodies About 100 years ago, red blood cells were discovered to have proteins on their surface. – These proteins, antigens, would recognize and accept ONLY other proteins that were exactly the same. If an antigen didn’t recognize another protein than the antibodies, floating in the blood plasma, would attack and kill the foreign protein. – Cause cells to clump or clot, Agglutination Antigen = like Antibody = kill

4. Antigen/Antibodies Symbol On RBC Antigen “Like” Antibody “Kill” Nothing

5. Blood Types All human blood falls into one of four types:

6. Blood Types Blood Type A – Has A antigens – Has B antibodies – Likes blood types A & O – Kills blood types B & AB

7. Blood Types Blood Type B – Has B antigens – Has A antibodies – Likes blood types B & O – Kills blood types A & AB

8. Blood Types Blood Type AB – Has A & B antigens – Has NO antibodies – Likes blood types A, B, AB & O – Kills nothing “Universal Recipient” – Can receive blood from all other blood types.

9. Blood Types Blood Type O – Has NO antigens – Has A & B antibodies – Likes blood type O ONLY – Kills blood types A, B & AB “Universal Donor” – can donate blood to all other blood types!

10. Donor Chart ABABO A B O Donor Recipient Universal Recipient Universal Donor

11. Rh Factor A second type of antigen found on the surface of red blood cells – Rh factor. – If you are said to have an Rh antigen you would be called Rh positive, (+). Likes other (+) and (-) Rh factors of compatible blood types. – If you lack the Rh antigen you would be called Rh negative, (-). Likes ONLY other (-) Rh factors of compatible blood types.

12. Donor Chart with Rh Factors Ultimate Universal Recipient Ultimate Universal Donor

13. Rarest Most Common Mrs. Fulton Ultimate Universal Donor Ultimate Universal Recipient

14. Blood Typing 1._____________ 2. _____________ O-A- Clot = Got No Clot = No Got No Clot No Clot No Clot No Clot No Clot

15. Blood Typing 3. _____________ 4. _____________ B+B- Clot = Got No Clot = No Got No Clot No Clot No Clot

16. Blood Typing 5. _____________ 6. _____________ AB-0+ Clot = Got No Clot = No Got No Clot No Clot No Clot

17. Blood Typing 7. _____________ 8. _____________ AB+A+ Clot = Got No Clot = No Got Clot No Clot