1. The Panama Canal Outline Format

2. I. Layout of the Panama Canal Major ship canal Major ship canal Cuts through the isthmus of Panama in Central America Cuts through the isthmus of Panama in Central America Connects Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Connects Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Largest and most difficult engineering project ever undertaken of that time Largest and most difficult engineering project ever undertaken of that time 48 miles long 48 miles long Takes 9 hours to go through the canal Takes 9 hours to go through the canal

3. II. Building the Panama Canal First attempt was by the French in 1880 First attempt was by the French in 1880 22,000 workers died 22,000 workers died U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt helped Panama become independent of Columbian rule U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt helped Panama become independent of Columbian rule Then Panama allowed U.S. to cut canal Then Panama allowed U.S. to cut canal Opened in 1914 under U.S. law Opened in 1914 under U.S. law

4. III. Machinery of Panama Canal Steam shovels were used to dig the canal Steam shovels were used to dig the canal Rocks and dirt were hauled away in wagons and put on locomotives to transport elsewhere Rocks and dirt were hauled away in wagons and put on locomotives to transport elsewhere Dynamite made the job very dangerous Dynamite made the job very dangerous

5. IV. Climate and Health Workers lived in buildings with no walls Workers lived in buildings with no walls They used nets to keep bugs away They used nets to keep bugs away The jungle heat killed many The jungle heat killed many Mosquitoes brought disease Mosquitoes brought disease

6. V. Benefits of the Panama Canal Time was saved sending products from one coast to the other Time was saved sending products from one coast to the other Time was saved sending war ships to war Time was saved sending war ships to war Money was saved with this new shortcut Money was saved with this new shortcut

7. VI. Future of the Panama Canal December 31, 1999 the country of Panama took control of the Panama Canal and currently governs the area December 31, 1999 the country of Panama took control of the Panama Canal and currently governs the area U.S. Treaty agrees to allow U.S. to use the canal anytime U.S. Treaty agrees to allow U.S. to use the canal anytime Expansion of the canal was recently announced and will begin soon Expansion of the canal was recently announced and will begin soon