1. The Cold War The Early Years: 1945-49

2. Defeat of the Third Reich – May 1945

3. Parading Nazi insignia in Moscow – May 1945

4. Potsdam Conference July-August 1945

5. The Big Three at Potsdam - Attlee, Truman and Stalin

6. A New Beginning BerlinGermany UA USSRFrceAs a result of the war, Berlin and Germany were occupied and divided by the Allies – UK, USA, USSR and France. Germany was divided into four occupation zones. BerlinSovietzone sectorsBerlin within the Soviet zone was divided into four occupation sectors. The city was governed by a four power Kommandatura to deal with administrative issues. reunification after denazification and demilitarization.One of the main issues was reunification of Germany after denazification and demilitarization.

7. Germany under Four Power Occupation

8. Allied Command of Germany Western AlliesSovietsAlmost from the start differences emerged between the Western Allies and the Soviets in terms of how to administer Germany and how to shape its future political structure Western Powers economically strong GermanyThe Western Powers realized that only an economically strong Germany could guarantee European recovery SovietsThe Soviets wanted to continue with dismantling German factories and keeping German POWs as slave labor

9. Berlin under Four Power Occupation

10. Red flag over damaged Brandenburg Gate

11. Ruins of the residential borough of Tiergarten

12. Germans in a single heated room using one gas lamp

13. Tension between occupier and occupied Soviet soldier confiscating bike from German civilian

14. “Moscow wants the Ruhr for Soviet armaments. Therefore Germany should be isolated from the West. Never!”

15. George Kennan’s “Long Telegram” warning of Stalin’s postwar intensions and how the US should respond - February 1946

16. March 1946 Churchill gives his “Iron Curtain” speech in Fulton, Missouri, USA

17. Truman signing Truman Doctrine March 1947

18. Communist takeover takeover of Hungary Hungary 1947 - Statue of Stalin

19. George C Marshall and his Plan for European Economic Recovery - 1947

20. Soviet threat to Western Europe - 1947

21. Truman signing the Economic Assistance Act April 1948

22. Marshall Plan posters showing Europe moving forward

23. Marshall Plan calling for Inter European cooperation

24. First CARE packages within the ruins

25. CARE packages being distributed to civilians

26. Communist CoupFebruary 1948 Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia February 1948

27. Bi- and Trizonia in the Western Zones AngloAmericans zonesThe Anglo-Americans stopped dismantling German firms in order to halt the continual economic deterioration of their separate administrative zones UKUSAzones BizoniaIn order to encourage domestic German trade and economic reconstruction, the UK and USA merged their two zones into one economic unit in 1947 known as Bizonia. SovietsThe Soviets protested vehemently – They wanted an economically weak Germany The successful economic results were almost immediate Frenchzone AngloAmericansTrizoniaIn 1948, the French merged their occupation zone with that of the Anglo-Americans creating Trizonia SovietsWestern AlliesThe Soviets protested stating the Western Allies went against the spirit of Allied Decision-making consent for Germany

28. “Can He Block It?” –Stalin’s attempt to block recovery

29. Barter trade with US GIs in lieu of currency

30. A new currency – Deutsche Mark While economic productivity increased in the Western sectors, the “Black market” was still a major problemWhile economic productivity increased in the Western sectors, the “Black market” was still a major problem The Old Reichsmark was worthlessThe Old Reichsmark was worthless Civilians bartered goods on the streetCivilians bartered goods on the street In order to crush the “Black market”, the Western Allies secretly agreed to introduce a new stable currency known as the Deutsche MarkIn order to crush the “Black market”, the Western Allies secretly agreed to introduce a new stable currency known as the Deutsche Mark The Soviets were kept out of the planning since they had previously stalled all economic endeavors to reconstruct Germany after the warThe Soviets were kept out of the planning since they had previously stalled all economic endeavors to reconstruct Germany after the war The introduction of the new currency fell like a bombThe introduction of the new currency fell like a bomb

31. The Deutsche Mark 1948

32. Introduction of new German currency – the Deutsche Mark or DM May 1948

33. Last inter Allied meeting prior to Blockade 1948

34. Soviets block all Western Allied passage ways to Berlin June 1948

35. Brits react by separating Soviets from their sector

36. Allied Air routes during Airlift: 1948-1949

37. Berlin Airlift 1948-1949

38. Marshall Plan deliveries: Imports of US coal at a Danish port/ US jeeps undocked in Hamburg

39. C hildren play on a street in Marseilles, France, as new housing rises in the background

40. Fiat motors works in Italy began producing cars with machines and steel donated through the Marshall Plan

41. Viennese girl advertising for the Marshall Plan

42. Products made in blockaded Berlin with Marshall Plan Aid

43. Marshall Plan flour guaranteed 2/3 of daily bread in the Western zones of Germany

44. Brandenburg Gate: East-West East-West Divide Berliners attending different political ideological rallies in the respective Allied sectors - 1948

45. WAR of WORDS WORDS and IDEAS IDEAS: Radio in the the American American Sector Sector RIAS (RIAS)

46. WAR of WORDS and IDEAS - Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) Confiscated radio station from Soviets Soviets in British sector The British stopped Soviet propaganda propaganda in Western sector

47. Truman, Bevin and Bideau signing NATO agreement – April 1949

48. Blockade ends ends – Western Allies win: win: May 1949

49. Declaration of the Federal Republic of Germany – May 1949 Konrad Adenauer as Chancellor

50. Declaration of the German Democratic Republic – Oct 1949 Walter Ulbricht as Communist Party Chief

51. Divided Post-War Continent Continent – NATOWarsaw NATO-Warsaw Pact