1. The Cardiovascular System
Topic 7
The Cardiovascular System

2. Learning Objectives Success Criteria GCSE PE
To learn about the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Success Criteria
F-G I can list the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
D-E I can explain the short term effects
B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions
A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions
GCSE PE

3. The Cardiovascular System?
The Cardiovascular system is made up of 3 main parts
The heart =Muscular pump that pumps blood around the body.
The blood vessels
= arteries and veins carry the blood to and from the heart
The blood
= carries oxygen
GCSE PE

4. Functions of the Cardiovascular System?
The Cardiovascular system has 2 main function that are both equally important
Function 1. To supply the body and muscles with oxygen
Function 2. To remove waste products like carbon dioxide

5. Short Term Effects of Exercise on the CV System
There are 2 short term effects that occur immediately when exercise begins
Heart Rate Increases
2. Blood Pressure Increases

6. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute
1. Heart Rate Increases
Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute
At Rest
During exercise
Resting heart rate is usually between beats per minute (bpm)
Heart rate increases (maximum =
220 – age)
GCSE PE

7. Heart rate increases as the intensity of exercise increases!
GCSE PE

8. 2. Blood Pressure Increases
Blood pressure is the pressure the blood puts on the artery walls
At Rest
During exercise
Blood pressure is around 120/80
Blood Pressure increases to over 140/90

9. Other Short Term Effects of Exercise
3. You begin to sweat
to cool the body down
4. Lactic acid is produced if you are exercising anaerobically
5. Body temperature increases

10. Learning Objectives Success Criteria GCSE PE
To learn about the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Success Criteria
F-G I can list the long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
D-E I can explain the long term effects
B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions
A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions
GCSE PE

11. Long Term Effects of Exercise on the CV System
There are 6 Long term effects to the cardiovascular system that occur as a result of regular exercise and training
Recovery heart rate decreases
Resting heart rate decreases
Blood pressure decreases
Cardiac Output Increases
Stroke Volume Increases

12. 1. Stroke Volume Increases Stroke volume increases
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out from the heart in 1 beat
With regular training
Stroke volume increases
Before Training
Stroke Volume
= 100 ml
Stroke Volume
= 150 ml

13. 2. Cardiac Output Increases
Cardiac Output is the amount of blood pumped from the heart in 1 minute during exercise
Before Training
Stroke Volume X
Heart Rate =
Cardiac output
100 ml X
150 bpm =
15 Litres / Min
With Regular Training Cardiac Output Increases
Stroke Volume X
Heart Rate =
Cardiac output
150 ml X
150 bpm =
22.5 Litres / Min

14. 3. Resting Heart Rate Decreases
Resting heart rate is your heart rate at rest.
With regular training
Resting heart rate decreases
Before training
Resting Heart Rate = 70 bpm
Resting Heart Rate = 50 bpm

15. 4. Recovery Rate Decreases
Recovery heart rate is the time it takes for your heart rate to return to resting levels after you finish exercising
With regular training
3 minutes recovery rate
Before Training
9 minutes recovery rate

16. 5. Blood Pressure Decreases
Blood pressure on the artery walls decreases as a result of long term training because arteries have become more flexible and elastic
With regular training blood pressure decreases
Before training

17. Learning Objectives Success Criteria GCSE PE
To learn about the effects of lifestyle factors on the cardiovascular system
Success Criteria
F-G I can list the 4 lifestyle factors that can cause Coronary Heart Disease
D-E I can explain how each factor can cause CHD
B-C I can answer multiple choice and short answer describe questions
A*-A I can answer long response explaining questions
GCSE PE

18. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition caused by high blood pressure that can be very dangerous if left untreated.
There are 4 lifestyle factors that increase the risk of developing high blood pressure and CHD
Lack of Exercise
Cholesterol
Stress
Drugs

19. 1. Cholesterol & CHD
Cholesterol from fatty foods can build up in the artery walls
Cholesterol build ups are called plaques
Plaques of cholesterol blocks the flow of blood causing high blood pressure & CHD

20. 2 Types of Cholesterol
Good Cholesterol is known as HDL (High density lipoprotein)
HDL does not cause cholesterol build up
Bad Cholesterol is known as LDL (Low density lipoprotein)
LDL can cause a build up of cholesterol

21. Other Lifestyle Factors that cause CHD
4. Stress increases blood pressure
2.Taking recreational drugs increases blood pressure
3.Lack of exercise raises blood pressure

22. Exercise and CHD
Exercise can reduce your chances of developing high blood pressure and CHD in many ways
Exercise is good for the cardiovascular system
Exercise makes the heart fitter & stronger
Exercise makes blood vessels healthier and more flexible
Exercise lowers resting heart rate long term
Exercise reduces blood pressure long term
Exercise increases stroke volume & cardiac output long term

23. 3. Why Does Resting Heart Rate Decrease? Resting Heart Rate = 70 bpm
Before training
Cardiac Output = 3.5 L/m
Resting Heart Rate = 70 bpm
Stroke Volume = 50 ml

24. After training 3. Why Does Resting Heart Rate Decrease?
Cardiac Output = 3.5 L/m
Resting Heart Rate = 50 bpm
Stroke Volume = 70 ml
Because the stroke volume has increased!!