1. The Musculoskeletal system

2. A) Bones 1. Name of common bones (dividing our skeleton): Head Thorax
Spinal cord
Upper limbs
Lower limbs

3. A) Bones 2. Types: Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones
Found mostly in lower and upper limbs
Short bones
Found mostly in the wrists and ankles
Flat bones
E.g. skull, ribs, sternum, shoulder bone
Irregular bones
E.g. vertabrae

4. A) Bones 3. Function: Support, insures posture
Protects internal organs
Ensures motion (working with muscles they act as levers)
Storage of necessary fat and minerals (calcium)
Production of red blood cells by the bone marrow (most often foun din long bones)

5. A) Bones Name of common bones: Vertabrea Ribs Femur Tibia Fibula
Radius
Ulna
Collar bone (clavicle)
Humerus
Carpals
Tarsals
Patella
Sternum

6. B) Joints Definition: Function: place where two or more bones join
Can allow for mobility (tendons attach bones to muscles)
Can link bones together (with ligaments)

7. B) Joints Types: Pivot Joint Hinge joint Gliding joint Ball and socket
Saddle Joint
Conyloid Joint

8. B) Joints Types of joints that allow mobility (synovial joints):
Pivot Joint
allows for rotation (base of the skull)
Hinge joint
allows to bend in 1 direction(elbows and knees)
Gliding joint
allows bones to slide on one another (vertabrea)
Ball and socket
allows for most mobility (hip and shoulder)
Saddle Joint
allows 2 types of motion (thumbs)
Conyloid Joint
Fingers and toes

9. Types of motions: Flexion (decreasing the angle between two bones)
Extension (increasing the angle between two bones)
Abduction (limbs moving away from the body)
Adduction (limbs moving towards the body)
Rotation (turning around an axis)

10. C) Muscles What is it really? Function:
Soft tissue made of cells that contain protein filaments that can change the cell’s shape
Function:
Allows for motion
Produces heat

11. C) Muscles Type of muscles: Smooth: Striated muscles
Muscles surrounding internal organs
Are not voluntary
Striated muscles
Skeletal
Muscles anchored to the skeleton
Are voluntary
Cardiac
Muscles controlling the heart

12. Team work Muscles working together: Antagonistic muscles
Muscles can only pull cannot push back
Need another muscle to pull the limb back to its original position
Bicep/tricep