1. SEMBODAI RUKMANI VARATHARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FOUNDATION ENGINEERING BY KARTHIVELU

2. Problems Due To Obscene Of Site Investigation

3. Settlement Of Road

4. Cracks In Building

5. Tilting Of Tower

6. Types Of Settlement

7. Soil Exploration Program  for lightly loaded upto 2 storey building In already developed area- the existing local knowledge, records of trial pits and bore holes, behaviour of existing (similar) structure -sufficient.  For others- Planning an exploration program Preliminary investigation Detailed investigation-Soil exploration & sampling Penetration tests Bore log report - should be prepared

8. Planning An Exploration Program  Available information  Reconnaissance  Preliminary design data

9. Available Information  Arial photograph  Geologic map - State geological survey  Soil map of India  Topographical map  Soil survey section of the bureau of plants industry – agricultural year book  Hydrological data – area & waterway map of army engineers (river, MFL)  Soil manual of state highway

15. Reconnaissance  Inspection of the site  Topographical features Excavation, cutting Quarry, escarpment Water level in the well & stream Evidence of erosion on land slides  Existing structure (type, crack & settlement)  Photographs of site & adjacent structures

16. Preliminary Design Data  Building: Size, height of building & depth of basement Approximate arrangement of columns & bearing wall  Bridge Type & length of bridge Approximate vertical & horizontal loads

17. Preliminary Investigation  Walk over survey  Land survey  Data collection from offices/ deportments

18. Walk Over Survey

19.  Carried out before land purchase with technical questionnaire survey sheet  technical questionnaire survey sheet Site address Description of site (open/ farm/ forest land) Site level (horizontal/ slopped) Is there any buried element (tree, old foundation) Is any newly filled area Adjacent building & cracks Site location development

20. Land Survey  Survey the site & establish property line  Outline the proposed building layout  Structure present on the plot if any  Record the surface observation  Water ponds, filled up area if any  Rail roads & highways  Overhead lines, towers

21. Data Collection From Offices/ Deportments  Swear lines  Water & gas mines  Air, water pipe line  Subway Tunnels  Telephone lines