1. POETRY: an imaginative expression of ideas and emotions

2. Poetry A type of literature in which words are carefully chosen and arranged to create certain effects.

3. Poetry usually... is arranged in lines. uses compressed language to make a point. has a regular pattern of rhythm. uses literary devices to appeal to our emotions and imagination. Poetry sometimes... has a regular rhyme scheme

4. Poetry Terms Stanza – the group of two or more lines in a poem; a poem “paragraph” Meter – the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem Refrain – one or more lines repeated in each stanza of a poem Quatrain – a four line stanza or group of lines in poetry Line – the core unit of a poem. In poetry, line length is an essential element of the poem’s meaning and rhythm.

5. Mood – the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader. Descriptive words, imagery, and figurative language contribute to the mood of a work, as do the sound and rhythm of the language used. Tone – the attitude a writer takes toward a subject. Unlike mood, which is intended to shape the reader’s emotional response, tone reflects the feelings of the writer.

6. Lyric poetry Short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings. Most poems other than dramatic and narrative poems are lyric poems.

7. Narrative poetry Tells a story or recounts events. A narrative poem has the following elements: plot, characters, setting, and them. “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe is a narrative poem.

8. Rhyme Scheme - the pattern of end rhymes in a poem End Rhyme - words at end of lines rhyme Across the years he could recalla His father one way best of all.a In the stillest hour of nightb The boy awakened to a light.b Half in dreams, he saw his sirec With his great hands full of firec from “The Secret Heart” by R.Coffin

9. Internal Rhyme: rhyme within lines Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary... While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “It is some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door- from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

10. Sound devices are poetic devices that relate to sound, including: consonance assonance alliteration onomatopoeia

11. Consonance Consonance repetition of consonant sounds within a line of poetry He give s hi s harne ss bell s a s hake To a s k if there i s s ome mi s take. The only other s ound’ s the s weep Of ea s y wind and downy flake.

12. Assonance : repetition of vowel sounds within nonrhyming words in a line of poetry Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day ; Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

13. Alliteration: repetition of beginning consonant sounds in words close together Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary... While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping... from “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

14. Onomatopoeia : the use of a word whose sound imitates its meaning. roar buzz hiss splash

15. Refrain – the repeating of words or phrases throughout a poem Allusion – a reference to a well-known person, place, thing or event with which the writer assumes the reader will be familiar George rushed in like Superman to save the man from the burning building.

16. Figurative Language A figure of speech is a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood as literally true. SimileHyperbole MetaphorSymbol PersonificationImagery Oxymoron Irony

17. Simile - a comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as”. The cookie was hard as a rock. Metaphor – a comparison between two unlike things without using “like” or “as”. Life is a river.

18. Personification – a figure of speech in which a nonhuman thing (an idea, object, or animal) is given human characteristics. The picture spoke to us of the sacrifices our family had made. Oxymoron – a technique putting two words with opposite meanings together for a special effect. jumbo shrimp old news bittersweet small fortune

19. Imagery – vivid description that appeals to the senses. They were flat round wafers, slightly browned on the edges and butter- yellow in the center. With cold lemonade they were sufficient for childhood’s lifelong diet.

20. Symbol – a concrete or real object used to represent an idea A bird, because it can fly, has often been used as a symbol of freedom.

21. Hyperbole – an extreme exaggeration or overstatement that a writer uses for emphasis. My brother exploded when he saw the damage to his car. Irony – a technique that uses a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its normal meaning. Danielle laughs all the time, so we call her “Grumpy”.

22. Form Form refers to a poem’s structure, or the way the lines and words are arranged on the page. Form in poetry includes the following elements: length of lines, placement of lines, the grouping of lines into stanzas.Poems come in a variety of forms, but they are usually grouped in two categories.

23. Form 1: Traditional Follows fixed rules, such as a specified number of lines Has a regular pattern of rhythm and/or rhyme Ex: epic, ode, ballad, sonnet, haiku, limerick

24. Epic A long, narrative poem on a serious subject presented in an elevated or formal style. Epics address universal concerns and reflect the ideals and values of a nation or race.

25. Ode A complex lyric poem that develops a serious and dignified theme. They are meditative and usually commemorative.

26. Ballad A narrative poem that tells a story and was originally written to be sung or recited. A ballad has a setting, a plot, and characters.

27. Sonnet A lyric poem of 14 lines that has a set pattern of rhythm and rhyme and is commonly written in iambic pentameter.

28. Haiku A form of Japanese poetry having a set number of lines and syllables. Haiku poems are 17 syllables that are arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. The poet strives to create a clear picture that will evoke a strong emotional response in the reader.

29. Limerick A light of humorous poem with a particular rhyme scheme

30. Blank verse Unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter. Each line has five pairs of syllables. In most pairs, an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable. Much of Shakespeare’s drama is in blank verse.

31. Couplet A rhymed pair of lines. A couplet may be written in any rhythmic pattern.

32. Form 2: Organic Does not follow established rules for form Does not have a regular pattern of rhythm and may not rhyme at all May use unconventional spelling, punctuation, and grammar Ex: free verse, concrete poetry

33. Free verse Poetry that does not have regular meter, does not contain regular patterns of rhythm or rhyme. They are more like everyday speech.

34. Concrete poetry Poetry that conveys meaning visually through the arrangement of letters and words