1. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 61 Comparing Systems of Government

2. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 2 BASIC SYSTEMS Rule by one Good – MonarchyBad – Tyranny Rule by a few Good – AristocracyBad – Oligarchy Rule by many Good – TimocracyBad – Democracy

3. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 3 What are the forms of authoritarian governments? Absolute monarch—hereditary ruler with unlimited authority Dictator—leader who exercises complete control over the state Totalitarian—government control extends to almost all aspects of people’s lives

4. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 4 Other Types Communism – Government owns and controls all industry and considers the well- being of the state more important than personal rights and liberties – an economic system of government where wealth is distributed based on needs. Fascism – headed by a dictator and closely resembles Communism. The main difference is that industry is controlled by the government but privately owned.

5. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 5 Systems Socialism – Public ownership of all production, distribution, and communication. Distribute wealth and income evenly through state welfare policies. Workers own and control the means of production (capital, land, property)

6. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 6 More Systems Democracy – People collectively, either directly or by selected representatives, govern themselves. Constitutional Monarchy – People are represented by a legislature or constitution that makes decisions while a monarch is a ceremonial figure with no real power.

7. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 7 How is the People's Republic of China governed? Communists under Mao Zedong seized power in 1949. The Chinese Communist Party established a totalitarian government.

8. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 8 How is the People's Republic of China governed? (cont’d) The Chinese Communist Party hierarchy includes National Party Congress Central Committee Politburo Politburo Standing Committee Secretariat General Secretary

9. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 9 How is the People's Republic of China governed? (cont’d) China’s national government National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee of the NPC State Council State Council’s Standing Committee Premier

10. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 10 How is the People's Republic of China governed? (cont’d) Political parties Eight minority parties Opposition party formed in Paris after Tiananmen Square in 1989 The Tiananmen Square protest resulted in strict controls on the country’s youth.

11. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 11 How is Cuba governed? Fidel Castro has led a Communist dictatorship since 1959. Tensions with United States led to Bay of Pigs Cuban missile crisis Cuba faces economic problems from Loss of aid from the Soviet Union Low prices for sugar

12. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 12 How is the Islamic Republic of Iran governed? Capitalist economy in the 1960s and 1970s under the shah Shah forced out by demonstrations in 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini’s government based on Islamic principles Gave Iran’s religious leaders veto power over actions of political leaders

13. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 13 How is the Islamic Republic of Iran governed? (cont’d) After Khomeini’s death in 1989 Government centralized functions in faqih, presidency, and judiciary

14. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 14 How is the Republic of Iraq governed? Iraq ruled by strong military leaders from 1921 to 2003. Saddam Hussein ruled from 1979 to 2003. Democratic elections were held in 2005 after U.S. invasion.

15. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 15 How is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea governed? Communist government under one-man dictatorship established in 1948 Restricted travel and no free press Economic decline under Kim Jong Il Active nuclear weapons program

16. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 16 How was the Soviet Union governed? 1922—beginning of communist economic system based on socialist principles Communist Party controlled economy Economy faced serious problems Only defense industry strong

17. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 17 How was the Soviet Union governed? (cont’d) Problems created by government control of industry Production of goods easy to produce rather than needed consumer goods Poor quality of goods Discouragement of new ideas Unproductive farming

18. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 18 What happened after the breakup of the Soviet Union? Gorbachev was the last communist leader of the Soviet Union. He implemented perestroika to improve the economy, but without success. Republics within Soviet Union declared independence, dissolving the Soviet Union itself.

19. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 19 What happened after the breakup of the Soviet Union? In Russia Freer travel More access to information Democratic elections Continuing economic problems

20. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 20 What happened after the breakup of the Soviet Union? (cont’d) Reasons for slow rate of change in Russia include Rule by same people as before Resistance from oligarchs Lack of consensus about democratic values and characteristics of capitalism

21. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 21 What are the forms of democratic governments? Constitutional monarchy—country's constitution and laws limit the power of the hereditary ruler Republic—representative government in which voters hold sovereign power Presidential system—powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches are separated

22. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 22 What are the forms of democratic governments? (cont’d) Parliamentary system—has a cabinet composed of members of the legislature, who have executive as well as legislative power Separate judiciary Prime minister who is chief executive as well as member of the parliament Fewer checks and balances than in U.S. system, but often smoother-running government

23. Foundations of United States Citizenship Lesson 6, Chapter 6, Comparing Systems of Government 23 Next Done— A comparison of governments in countries around the world Test Chapter 6. Study and Review.