1. The Dark Ages

2. Chapter 13 “European Society in the Age of the Renaissance” 1420-1545 AP EUROPEAN HISTORY MR. RICK PURRINGTON MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL

3. Europe 1500

4. I. What was the Renaissance? A. “Re-birth” 1. new interest in the classics = politics, art, literature, architecture 2. increased wealth, education, population

5. II. The Evolution of the Renaissance A. Italy–Economic, Political, Cultural center of the Ren 1. Ren. Economy in Italy = strong a) “all roads lead to Rome” b) Venice = sea commerce = wealth c) Florence = wool trade, banking, art, architecture, literature d) Florentine Banking Families - Medici = God’s bankers = wealth and power Cosimo de’Medici

6. Florence, Italy Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore

7. 2. Ren. Politics in Italian City-States 14 th +15 th C a) Communes - gov’t of merchant guild leaders – eventually became oligarchies (rule by rich business owners) b) Signori Dictatorships c) Strong loyalty to city-state d) Some alliances formed

8. III.The Renaissance “Isms” A. Humanism 1. a desire for new learning 2. to understand human nature – why humans act as they do 3. “humans are between “angels and beasts.” 4. human potential is limitless 5. the human body is divinely inspired 6. Rebirth of classical studies a) Study of Ancient Greek and Roman texts, ideas with a Christian perspective

9. B. The Printed Word 1. Printing before the Ren. a) Chinese block printing – expensive, slow 2. 1454 - Johann Gutenberg a) First Printing Press – moveable type b) Books now mass-produced c) 1455 -- Gutenberg Bible 3. Impact of the Printing Press a) stimulated literacy b) ideas and information spread

10. 5. Humanists – education helps reach human potential a) 1528 -- Castiglione’s The Courtier 1) “The Renaissance Man” – has a strong background in many academic, physical, and spiritual subjects b) 1513 -- Machiavelli’s The Prince a) most widely read Ren book b) subject: how the ruler should gain, maintain, and increase political power c) humans are selfish d) “the ends justify the means” e) must be “a fox and lion”

11. “For a man who, in all respects, will carry out only his professions of good, will be apt to be ruined amongst so many who are evil. A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require. It is much more safe to be feared than loved.” “View what IS not what ought to be.” The Prince, Machiavelli

12. B. Secularism 1. Increased wealth brought more concern w/ material world than spiritual world 2. Usury – lending money, charging interest is against scripture but became common 3. Life is to be enjoyed, not a painful pilgrimage 4. Why? The Church’s lessened prestige: a) The Black Death b) The Great Schism c) in heresy 5. Focus turns to present and less on the afterlife

13. C. Individualism 1. Spotlight is shined on the individual 2. Celebration of the genius a) increase in # of portraits painted b) art is now signed on the front c) the artist is as important as the art

14. IV. Renaissance Art A. The “isms” captured in Ren. Art 1. Humanism – classical heroes, beautiful bodies 2. Secularism - nudes ok in religious works 3. Individualism - were paid $$ for their work B. Emphasis on ‘real’ art 1. 3D perspective for depth 2. brighter, bolder colors 3. shading of lights and darks 4. on canvas not wood

15. Renaissance Artists Hall of Fame: Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper”

16. Renaissance Artists Hall of Fame: Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Mona Lisa”

17. Renaissance Artists Hall of Fame: Michelangelo’s “Pieta”

18. Renaissance Artists Hall of Fame: Raphael’s “School of Athens”

19. V.The Renaissance in Northern Eu A. Differences in the N 1. More religious, less secular 2. A combination of classic and religious virtues a) classics = calm, patience, open thinking b) religious = love, faith, hope 4. 1516-Thomas More Utopia a) describes the ideal society b) learning, social equality, shared profits, wars prevented w/gold c) no greed, no corrupt institutions 5. 1504-ErasmusThe Education of a Christian Prince a) education (study of Bible and classics) can bring positive change b) the goal is to live like Jesus Christ