3. ******The next 26 slides are historical events after the revolution that influenced the the delegates to come up with a new Constitution for a growing country. The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War Now had to decide how to divide it up into existing states or new ones

4. NORTHWESTERRITORY

5. The Northwest Territory was surveyed into organized sections a TOWNSHIP was a 36 square mile area

6. TOWNSHIP 6 miles

7. 1 TOWNSHIP = 36 SQUARE MILES Section #16 was usually reserved for the public school of the township

8. The _____________________________ (1787) described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed. As the territory grew in population, it would gain the rights to self-government. When there were ______ free males in an area, men who owned at least _______ acres of land could elect an assembly. When they were _________ people, they could apply to become a new state. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 5,000 50 60,000

9. NORTHWEST TERRITORY

11. Minnesota Wisconsin Illinois Michigan Ohio Indiana

12. The organization of the Northwest Territory was important because it created an orderly plan to settle a new area of the United States

13. January of 1787 WHEN:

14. Massachusetts WHERE:

15. Farmers were upset about high taxes – if could not pay taxes they were put in jail WHY:

16. Every state was having economic trouble in the mid 1780’s An average family paid $200 a year in taxes – more than most people made in a year

17. DANIEL SHAYS leads a rebellion of about 1,500 men, mostly farmers They are upset about paying high taxes and they want debt relief from the government

18. Government does not help them They gather and march on a federal arsenal – a storage place for weapons

19. About 900 state militia men stop the uprising The general public sides with the farmers Very close to having chaos because of taxes

20. SHAYS’ REBELLION

21. RESULT: The uprising is stopped Shays is pardoned years later

22. LASTING EFFECT: America realizes they need a stronger national government if they are to survive as a country.

26. Government officials realized after Shays’ Rebellion that a change was needed A convention of representatives from each state were called to Philadelphia in 1787

27. STATEHOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA SITE OF THE CONVENTION

28. INSIDE OF STATEHOUSE (TODAY) SITE OF THE CONVENTION

29. There were 74 men asked to come to Philadelphia but only 55 delegates arrived in Philadelphia

30. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

31. The average age of a delegate was 44 years old

32. JONATHAN DAYTON (New Jersey) was the youngest at age 26 BEN FRANKLIN (Pennsylvania) was the oldest at age 81

33. Most had some experience as politicians in their home states

34. 40 of the delegates had been members of the Continental Congress

35. 34 of the 55 were lawyers Also included soldiers, planters, educators, ministers, physicians, financiers, and merchants

36. Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves

39. A total of 12 states sent delegates to the convention Rhode Island is the only state that refused to send any delegates

40. Delegates had to make a choice: 1)Fix the Articles of Confederation 2) Write a new form of government

41. The delegates decided to write a new plan of government Challenge was to create a strong national government but one that was not overpowering

42. The Constitutional Convention was held in the summer of _________ in the city of _________________. PHILADELPHIA 1787

43. CONSTITUTION HALL - PHILADELPHIA

44. NATIONAL ARCHIVES – WASHINGTON DC HOME OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION TODAY

46. There were ____ delegates at the Constitutional Convention. 55

47. _________________ read more than 100 books in preparation for the convention. JAMES MADISON

48. ______________________ and _______________ were not at the convention because they were overseas at the time. THOMAS JEFFERSON JOHN ADAMS

49. __________________ refused to attend the convention because he “smelled a rat” leading toward monarchy. PATRICK HENRY

50. _____________ _____________ came out of retirement for the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

52. ________________ was a famous scientist and statesman, gave wit and wisdom to the convention. BEN FRANKLIN

54. _________________ is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and took detailed notes. JAMES MADISON

55. _______________ _______________ was chosen as president of the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

58. Once the Constitution is written it must go to the states for their approval People will be able to vote for or against the Constitution

59. FEDERALISM – a system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government

60. Two groups begin to develop: 1) FEDERALISTS – want the Constitution to pass as is

61. 2) ANTI-FEDERALISTS – do NOT want the Constitution to pass as is

62. The Constitution is awesome! I think everyone should rush out and vote for it!

63. 1) Supported taking some powers from the states and giving them to the national government

64. 2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government

65. 3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch

66. The Constitution is not worth the paper it is printed on! Where is the Bill of Rights?

67. 1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers

68. 2) Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS) EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)

69. 3) Feared a single person in the executive branch might become a king or tyrant

70. 4) Believed a Bill of Rights need to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

71. Both sides published their viewpoints in newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

72. THE FEDERALIST PAPERS – a series of essays which supported the Federalists viewpoint (wanted the Constitution to pass)

73. The Federalists Papers were written by such men as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay James Madison John JayAlexander Hamilton

74. Federalists had an advantage because most newspapers supported their cause

75. By June of 1788 a total of 9 states had ratified (passed) the Constitution 9 states were required to officially make it the legal form of government

76. Two very important states though, Virginia and New York, had not yet passed it and were needed

77. Two important Virginians, GEORGE MASON and PATRICK HENRY were against the Constitution George MasonPatrick Henry

78. Virginia finally passes it once they are convinced it will soon add a Bill of Rights

79. New York passes it once they hear Virginia had Rhode Island is the last state to officially ratify it in 1790

80. BILL OF RIGHTS – the first ten amendments to the Constitution Insures personal rights to each U.S. citizen

82. noun - a settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions (gives in a little) to come to a result which solves a problem

83. 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE

84. Major debate was over how to set up the legislative branch of government

85. It becomes a battle between smaller states and the ones with larger populations VS

86. Several states submit plans for the type of legislature they want

87. 1)The legislative branch would have two houses 2) Both houses would assign representatives based on wealth/population

88. 1) The legislature would have one house 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature

90. The legislature would have two houses

91. SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal = 2 senators

92. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population = 52 representatives (38,800,000 people) = 1 representative (493,000 people)

93. CONGRESS SENATE (100) EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL NUMBER HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435) BASED ON POPULATION SO NOT EQUAL FOR EVERY STATE

94. TOTAL NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM EACH STATE

95. Unit 5 – Creating a Government – Page 4 of 10 VIRGINIA PLAN NEW JERSEY PLAN GREAT COMPROMISE THE LEGISLATURE WILL HAVE 2 HOUSES 1)2 houses for legislature 2) NUMBER of people in congress set by wealth and population 1) 1 house for legislature 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Number of people BASED ON EQUALITY = EACH STATE HAS SAME NUMBER Number of people BASED ON populations

96. Next major issue to be decided is slavery and if slaves should be counted as population

98. should slaves be counted as population for taxes and/or to determine representatives in the legislature

99. Northern states want slaves to not be counted to determine representatives but to be counted for taxes X

100. Southern states want slaves to be counted to determine representatives but not for taxes X

101. Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person This is used for taxes and to set up the number of reps in Congress

102. Northern states agree to do nothing about slave trade until 1808 Southern states agree to allow national government to regulate trade

103. No state gets everything they wanted but they wrote a constitution they thought would work overall

106. When you vote for the President you are actually voting for an ELECTOR to vote for you Each state has a determined number of electors

107. A state’s number of electors is the total number of Senators and Representatives in the House MISSOURI 2 senators 9 representatives Total 11 electors

109. There are a total of 538 electoral votes (the District of Columbia is not a state but is given 3 electoral votes)

110. 48 out of the 50 states have a “winner takes all” method If you get the most votes in that state you get ALL of their electoral college votes

111. 2 states are different and can divide up their votes based on congressional district - Nebraska and Maine

112. A candidate must have 270 electoral votes to win the Presidential election

113. If no single candidate gets the required 270 electoral votes then the House of Representatives votes to decide the President

114. It is possible to get more votes overall in the election from the entire country and NOT be elected President Happened in 2000 with Gore vs Bush

115. Total Votes in 2000 Election: Bush50,461,092 total votes (47.9%) 271 Electoral Votes Gore50,994,086 total votes (48.4%) 266 Electoral Votes Nader2,882,728 total votes (2.7%) 0 Electoral College Votes

116. 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

119. 1984 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

122. The framers used building blocks upon which to write the foundation of the Constitution

123. A government in which the people rule POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

124. A government in which the people vote for their political representatives REPUBLICANISM

125. A system of government in which the states and national government share powers FEDERALISM

126. The government is divided into three branches: executive, judicial and legislative SEPARATION OF POWERS

127. Each branch has certain controls over the other branches CHECKS AND BALANCES

128. Everyone in the government must follow the same rules – from average person to the President LIMITED GOVERNMENT

129. Guarantees certain personal liberties and privileges to everyone INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS