2. The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring Suffrage in Southern states. This article covers the phase of the movement between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the South. By 1966, the emergence of the Black Power Movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from oppression by white Americans.racial discriminationAfrican AmericansSuffrageSouthBlack Power Movementeconomicpoliticalself-sufficiencywhite Americans Many of those who were active in the Civil Rights Movement, with organizations such as NAACP, SNCC, CORE and SCLC, prefer the term "Southern Freedom Movement" because the struggle was about far more than just civil rights under law; it was also about fundamental issues of freedom, respect, dignity, and economic and social equality.NAACPSNCC CORESCLC During the period 1955–1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to crisis situations which highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans.nonviolent

3. Honest Abe" Lincoln was born in Kentucky along the frontier. He worked on a farm, and in a store in Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, served in the Illinois legislature, and was a circuit judge. In 1858 the Lincoln-Douglas debates gave him national fame, though he lost the election for Senator. Abraham Lincoln became President and said in firm words that the fate of the Union would rest in the hands of the South, and that he would obey his oath, "the most solemn one to preserve, protect, and defend" the Union. Lincoln detested war, but when it came, he accepted the inevitable as the only means of preserving the Union. Following the war, Lincoln viewed the ex-Confederate States as states who had tried to secede, but never left the Union. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln is often considered the greatest President in U.S. history.

4. After Kennedy's military service as commander of the Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 during World War II in the South Pacific, his aspirations turned political. With the encouragement and grooming of his father, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat, and served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election, one of the closest in American history. He was the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), the first President born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. [5][6] Kennedy is the first and only Catholic and the first Irish American president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. [7] Events during his administration include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early stages of the Vietnam War.Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 World War IISouth PacificJoseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Massachusetts's 11th congressional districtU.S. House of RepresentativesDemocratU.S. SenateRichard Nixon1960 U.S. presidential electionTheodore Roosevelt [5][6]Irish AmericanPulitzer Prize [7]Bay of Pigs InvasionCuban Missile CrisisBerlin WallSpace RaceAfrican American Civil Rights MovementVietnam War Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before he could be put on trial. The FBI, the Warren Commission, and the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that Oswald was the assassin, with the HSCA allowing for the probability of conspiracy based on disputed acoustic evidence. The event proved to be an important moment in U.S. history because of its impact on the nation and the ensuing political repercussions. Today, Kennedy continues to rank highly in public opinion ratings of former U.S. presidents.DallasLee Harvey OswaldJack RubyFBIWarren CommissionHouse Select Committee on AssassinationsconspiracyU.S. historypublic opinion ratings

5. John Brown's attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia) electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the state of Virginia, the murder of five proslavery Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection and was subsequently hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that, a year later, led to secession and the American Civil War.Republican PartysecessionAmerican Civil War

6. Evers and his wife then moved to Jackson, Mississippi to set up an NAACP office. There he investigated violent crimes that were committed against Blacks and tried to think of ways to prevent them. He also conducted campaigns to help Blacks to become registered voters. In the 1960’s he set up boycotts against certain merchants and this attracted national attention. He also tried to have his friend admitted to the University of Mississippi in 1962, and he was denied. This finally brought the federal help that Evers was looking for. His friend was finally admitted to the university. This was a major event for civil rights and Evers was thrilled. Evers was a civil rights leader trying to gain equality for the Blacks in his state.

7. Segregation was most visible on the buses in Montgomery. Blacks were told to ride in the back ten rows of the buses. The first ten rows were for white people and the center ten rows were whatever the bus driver wanted them to be. Many times the Blacks had to enter the front door to pay their toll, exit the front door and go in the back door of the bus. The bus drivers would quite often drive away while the Blacks were walking to the back door. Rosa had been very busy at work on December 1, 1955. She was preparing for a seminar for the NAACP and for elections. When it was time for her to go home, she got on the bus and sat in the first row of seats for black people. At the next stop, several white people got on the bus and the driver told the four black people in the front black row to stand up and give their seats to the white people. The other three Blacks got up, but Rosa did not. The bus driver called the police and they ended up removing her from the bus and taking her to jail.