1. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings THE CALVIN CYCLE

2. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Calvin Cycle How plants actually makes food (carbohydrates). Don't require light directly to run. – Instead they used the ATP and NADPH made during the light reactions to reduce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Location - stroma of the chloroplast.

3. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Calvin cycle has three phases – Carbon fixation – Reduction – Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor

4. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Calvin cycle (G3P) Input (Entering one at a time) CO 2 3 Rubisco Short-lived intermediate 3 PP P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) P 3-Phosphoglycerate P6 P 6 1,3-Bisphoglycerate 6 NADPH 6 NADPH + 6 P P 6 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 6 ATP 3 ATP 3 ADP CALVIN CYCLE P 5 P 1 G3P (a sugar) Output Light H2OH2O CO 2 LIGHT REACTION ATP NADPH NADP + ADP [CH 2 O] (sugar) CALVIN CYCLE Figure 10.18 O2O2 6 ADP Glucose and other organic compounds Phase 1: Carbon fixation Phase 2: Reduction Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor (RuBP)

5. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbon Fixation Phase

6. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rubisco Ribulose BisPhosphate Carboxylase. Enzyme that adds CO 2 to an acceptor molecule. Most important enzyme on earth.

7. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reduction Phase

8. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regeneration Phase

9. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 CO 2 9 ATP 6 NADPH C 3 H 6 O 3 9 ADP + 9 Pi 6 NADP + RequirementsProducts Calvin Cycle In Summary Per 3 carbon sugar molecule, the following is needed/produced How many of each are needed to make glucose then?

10. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings