1. Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics [HM208] By: Dr. Shruti Thakkar (BHMS, PGDHM, PGDFM) Assistant Professor Department of Hospital Management

2. Reference books: 1. Modern Epidemiology, 3 rd edition Authors: Rothman, Kenneth j.; Grrenland, sander; lash, Timothy L. 2. Principles of Epidemiology Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention 3. Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine Author: K. Park

3. What is Epidemiology? Meaning Greek (English) epi (among) demos(people) logy(study) Definition by John M. Last The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease related states in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems.

4. The study of distribution and determinants of health problems in specific populations and application of this study to the control of this problems. It is the scientific method of problem solving used by “Disease Detectives” – Epidemiologist, laboratory Scientists, Statisticians, Physicians, and other healthcare providers, and public health professionals – to get to the root of health problems in the community. What is Epidemiology? Meaning

5. Epidemiology define? A study of all diseases/ health events Infectious/ Non infectious Acute/ Chronic Communicable/ Non communicable Science of rates expressed as a probability “ Anything that happens to the people”

6. General Objectives Explaining the causal mechanical of disease and process of deviation in Health Explaining the reason for local disease occurrence Effective planning and administration of Health care services

7. Specific Objectives Understanding causation of disease with specific purpose of – Formulation and selection/ rejection of hypothesis Testing of hypothesis through Survey Observation study

8. Cont.. Testing validity of rationale of control/ interventional programs Classify disease/ disability based on: Distribution Causal Factors Natural history of Disease Explaining the local disease pattern

9. Cont.. Administrative Guidance In assessing need, utilization and effectiveness In monitoring and evaluation of control programs (cost effectiveness & cost analysis) In logical planning Services Resources Program Reach & Risk approach

10. The Basic Triad Of Epidemiology THE THREE PHENOMENA ASSESSED IN EPIDEMIOLOGY ARE: HOST ENVIRONMENTAGENT

11. Agents Nutrients Poisons Allergens Radiation Physical trauma Microbes Psychological experiences

12. Host Factors Genetic endowment Immunologic state Age Personal behavior

13. Environment Crowding Atmosphere Modes of communication – phenomena in the environment that bring host and agent together, such as: Vector Vehicle Reservoir

14. Uses of Epidemiology Describe health events Identify the cause of disease Identify the risk factor Describe clinical pattern of disease and identify the syndromes Identify effective control and/ or preventive measure Risk approach

15. Cont.. Take suitable administrative measures in assessing need, utilization and effectiveness In monitoring and evaluation of control programs (cost effectiveness & cost analysis) In logical planning Services Resources Program Reach & Risk approach

16. Epidemiologists are required to have some knowledge of the disciplines of public health, clinical medicine, pathophysiology, statistics, and the social sciences. public health, because of the emphasis on disease prevention. clinical medicine, because of the emphasis on disease classification and diagnosis. pathophysiology, because of the need to understand basic biological mechanisms in disease. statistics, because of the need to quantify disease frequency and its relationships to antecedents. social sciences, because of the need to understand the social context in which disease occurs and presents. Cont..

17. Use of Epidemiology in HealthCare Assignment Hard printed copy to be submitted in next session Font: 12 TNR Single line spacing Date, name and roll no to be written on right corner of the document 15-20 mins discussion in next session for the same

18. Thank You!!!