1. Naming Acids and Bases

2. Bases contain an OH group C 6 H 12 O 6 does not have an OH group If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH 4 + at their beginning) Bases are named like other ionic compounds: +ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion Naming Bases - calcium hydroxide - copper(I) hydroxide - Al(OH) 3 - NH 4 OH Ca(OH) 2 CuOH aluminum hydroxide ammonium hydroxide

3. All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H 2 SO 4 ) 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H 2 SO 4 Each have different naming rules. Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride) Naming Acids: Binary acids HBr(s) HI(aq) H 2 S(aq) H 2 S(g) hydrogen bromidehydr(o)iodic acid hydrogen sulfidehydrosulfuric acid

4. Rules for Naming Acids that Do Not Contain Oxygen in the Anion: Since all these acids have the same cation, H +, we don't need to name the cation. The acid name comes from the root name of the anion name. The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are then added to the root name of the anion. So, HCl, which contains the anion chloride, is called hydrochloric acid. HCN, which contains the polyatomic ion cyanide, is called hydrocyanic acid.polyatomic ion

5. Rules for Naming Oxyacids (anion contains the element oxygen) Since all these acids have the same cation, H +, we don't need to name the cation. The acid name comes from the root name of the polyatomic ion name or the central element of the polyatomic ion.

6. Suffixes are used based on the ending of the original name of the oxyanion. If the name of the polyatomic anion ended with -ate, change it to -ic for the acid and if it ended with -ite, change it to -ous in the acid. So, HNO 3, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrate, is called nitric acid. The acid HNO 2, which contains the polyatomic ion nitrite, is called nitrous acid.polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion

7. Naming does not depend on the state (aq) 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E.g. H 2 SO 3 Naming Acids: Oxyacids HNO 2 hypochlorous acid H 3 PO 4 (aq) carbonic acid 1) sulphite,2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous,4) sulphurous acid

8. Naming does not depend on the state (aq) 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E.g. H 2 SO 3 Naming Acids: Oxyacids HNO 2 hypochlorous acid H 3 PO 4 (aq) carbonic acid 1) sulphite,2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous,4) sulphurous acid - nitrous acid- HClO - phosphoric acid- H 2 CO 3

9. This example uses the halogen chlorine: ClO - (hypochlorite ion). Acid name - hypochlorous acid (HClO) ClO 2 - (chorite ion). Acid name - chlorous acid (HClO 2 ) ClO 3 - (chlorate ion). Acid name - chloric acid (HClO 3 ) ClO 4 - (perchlorate ion). Acid name - perchloric acid (HClO 4 )

10. a) chloric acid b) hydrosulfuric acid c) hydrobromic acid d) phosphorous acid e) iodic acid f) HCl(g) g) HCl(aq) h) H 2 SO 4 (s) i) H 2 SO 4 (aq) j) HClO 2 k) HF(aq) Assignment: give formula or name a) HClO 3 b) H 2 S(aq) c) HBr(aq) d) H 3 PO 3 e) HIO 3 f) hydrogen chloride g) hydrochloric acid h) Sulfuric acid i) sulfuric acid j) chlorous acid k) hydrofluoric acid