1. Table One Assignment One – Group Presentation

2. Understanding the Research Topic The purpose of this assignment is to gain an understanding of cost modelling from an academic perspective. Understanding some of the literature around the modelling process and it’s applications in different contexts. In particular we are researching the application of Cost Modelling in green buildings. Understanding what is a green building is a key component of the understanding of how cost modelling applies to it.

3. NZS 4202 – Interpretation of Intent Section 0 – General Rules Provides an overview of the general rules of the document Outlines the purpose of the of the document. In particular to provide a uniform basis of measuring trade sections. Provides the expectations of the quantity surveyor. To outline the parameters of the schedule of quantities. Describes the expectations of Preambles. What rates are to be included/excluded What quantities are deemed measureable Outlines specific rules of measurement.

4. NZS 4202 Section 25 – Mechanical Services Describes what preambles are to be included. This outlines what is to be included for in the rates. Outlines the general classifications and sections to be measured. The measurement procedure outlines what to measure under what section.

5. 25.3. General Principles The work shall be scheduled under the following general classifications A) Plant & Equipment Items; B) Pipework; C) Ductwork; D) Thermal Insulation; E) Automatic controls; F) Electrical work; G) Painting; H) Sundries; I) Special services; J) General These general classifications allow a uniform schedule to be assembled for ease of interpretation by the client or consultant. Unifying the schedule can provide assurance for the consultant/client that all sub-trade items have been allowed for.

6. 25.4. Measurement Procedure The measurement procedure outlines under each classification the protocol of how each item is to be measured eg. Numerated, measured in lineal or square metres. Details nomination of sizes, specification of products, method of installation, fixings, connections and the like.

7. Appendix A – Surface Area of Ductwork This provides typical details of junctions, transitions & bends, that illustrate the method of calculating the surface area of ductwork as required by the measurement procedure 25.33 (general classification – ductwork).

8. Information & Content Research Cost Modelling ‘Cost Modelling is the symbolic representation of some observable system which exists or which is proposed, and which in terms of its significant cost, features for the purposes of display, analysis, comparison or control. Cost Modelling, as a term, is used when referring both to forecasting construction costs for clients and to estimate resource costs for contractors’ Ashworth, Allan; Perera, Srinath. (2013). Cost Studies of Buildings, Taylor and Francis. Identifies an average variance on outputs of contractors of 10%. Identifies one limitation of a Bill of Quantities in not identifying where the items are located on the building. Recognises the ‘Operational Bill’ developed by the BRE (Building Research Establishment). Goes on to accept computerised information management systems.

9. A Building Cost Estimating Model This is to introduce a generic computer aided building cost estimation model based on functional elements for construction sector projects which will be used in feasibility and schematic design phases, especially its application in the reality. Hakan, Y., & Elçin, T. (2007). A building cost estimation model based on functional elements. Journal of Istanbul Technical University, VOL: 4, NO: 1, 73-87, 2007-1

10. Design Cost Modelling This is to introduce the cost modelling, the product based cost modelling techniques, its accuracy and deficiencies. It also explain the “Resource based” Cost modelling Techniques, its application in the design stage of the development process and the inhibitors to use of resource Based Cost Modelling. Last but not the least, it also explains Design Cost Modelling in traditional method of building procurement and the alternative methods of building procurement Peter, L., & Peter, E. (2001). Design cost modelling – a way forward. Journal of Royal Melbourne University of Technology University, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v1i1.2278

11. Building Information Modelling This to investigate the perceptions of the use of BIM for sustainable design and construction among designers and constructors, which determines the existing trends of BIM application in general as well as its use as a tool in sustainable design and construction. Bynum, P., Issa, R., and Olbina, S. (2013). "Building Information Modeling in Support of Sustainable Design and Construction." J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000560, 24-3

12. Green Building Information Modelling This book basically introduce the green building, explain the Building Information Modelling, the integrated design teams and their responsibility, methodology for sustainable solutions, building form, systems and its future application of sustainable BIM. Eddy, K., Brad, N. (2008). Green Bim: successful sustainable design with building information Modeling. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

13. Cost Modelling The most popular cost models are traditional cost models using costs per m2 and approximate quantities Clients of the construction industry need early stage cost advice to assess the viability of a project Cost modelling is separated into two stages (cost modelling - independent of project. project estimating - specific to project) Skitmore, M., & Marston, V. (1999). Cost Modelling. London, England: E & FN Spon

14. BRANZ report.

15. Cost Estimation and Analysis of Green Buildings Green buildings make sense on a life cycle cost basis although the initial costs may be more expensive however green building systems will eventually recoup their original investment in the long run. The second important point is utilization techniques in building economics is to determine the future valuations of green buildings, and that is why life cycle cost analysis is one of the most straight forward and easily understandable methods of economic evaluation. Essays, UK. (November 2013). Cost Estimating And Management For Green Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay. Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/cost-estimating- and-management-for-green-buildings-environmental-sciences- essay.php?cref=1

16. Life Cycle Cost of Green Buildings The comprehensive report shows cost-effective green building benefits throughout the word, which relates to design and construction costs, Asset Value, operation costs, workplace productivity and health New report shows cost-effective green building benefits throughout the world. (2013) retrieved from https://www.nzgbc.org.nz/Story?Action=View&Story_id=39

17. Reflection on Research There is a wide range of research on cost modelling which has been brought about through the inefficiencies of the industry. Cost modelling is continually evolving. It becomes out of date quickly. A lot of the articles we found were relatively old sources.