1. Reconstructing a Nation

3. Classic Historiographical Debate Reconstruction as tragedy, folly Reconstruction as democratic experiment

4. Family Record, a lithograph marketed to former slaves after the Civil War

5. What Now? Union experimented w/ wage labor on plantations during war Elsewhere, slaves were given Jefferson Davis’s land “Rehearsal for Reconstruction”

6. Plans, Plans, Plans Lincoln wants moderate “10% Plan” Radicals oppose – Want majority to pledge loyalty – Plus black equality – Wade Davis Bill

7. End/Beginning Grant finally takes Richmond (1865) Lincoln assassinated days after surrender Southern Democrat Andrew Johnson becomes Prez

8. Constitutional Revolution? Before Lincoln’s death, 13 th Amendment bans slavery But Johnson opposes further progress

9. New Boss, Same as the Old Boss “Presidential Reconstruction” (1865-1867) Johnson lets old elites return to power Pisses off Radical Republicans

10. Black Codes (1866-1868) – Forces ex-slaves back to plantation – Labor contracts – Right to marry, own property – But not to vote, serve on juries, etc. New Boss, Same as the Old Boss

11. Free at Last? Civil Rights Bill (1866) 1 st law ever passed over Prez veto 14 th amendment redefines citizenship – Birthright – Equal protection!!! 15 th amendment ensures right to vote

12. Here Come the Radicals “Radical Reconstruction” (1867-1877) Reconstruction Act (1867) Divides South into 5 military districts Thaddeus Stevens

13. A New World Freedmen’s Bureau Northern whites want to teach ex-slaves bourgeois values – Wage labor – Saving Blacks build churches, schools, etc.

14. Birth of Black Politics Ex-slaves support Republicans Draft new state constitutions – w/ public schools, orphanages, etc. – end whipping, debt prisons 2 blacks elected to US Senate, 14 to House SC has majority black legislature

15. 1866 Campaign Literature

17. The Labor Problem “40 acres and a mule”? Need for cotton Lack of cash Sharecropping compromise “The settle”

19. Independent No More Ruined by war, poor whites sucked into market production

20. Murder of Louisiana, an 1873 cartoon

21. The Reign of Terror

24. Redemption? Soon, white majorities take control in states like NC, TN, TX “Redeemers”

26. Democracy is not just the voting, but the counting….