2. Vocabulary medieval Gothic frontier perspective polyphony adj. 中世纪的 adj. 哥特式的 n. 新领域 n. 透视法，透视感 n. 复调音乐

3. Vocabulary cathedral motivate skilled parachute submarine tank n. 大教堂 v. 激发，鼓励 adj. 熟练的，有技巧的 n. 降落伞 n. 潜艇 n. 坦克

4. renaissance n. a new growth of activity or interest in something, especially art, literature or music: Opera in Britain is enjoying a long- awaited renaissance. (from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

5. the Renaissance the period of new growth of interest and activity in the areas of art, literature and ideas in Europe, especially northern Italy, during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries: Renaissance art/painting/architecture (from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

6. Leonardo da Vinci

7. Works of Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper, 1498

10. Medieval Gothic Classical Renaissance

11. 1. Classical 2. Medieval 3. Gothic 4. Renaissance (a) refers to the Middle Ages (from about 1100 to 1500) (b) refers to the period which followed the Middle Ages (c) refers to ancient Greece and Rome (d) refers to a typical style of art and architecture in the Middle Ages

12. For more information, let’s come to the passage The Renaissance.

13. To get general ideas

14. 1. Which one best summarizes the passage? A. Mona Lisa is the symbol of the Renaissance. B. The reason of the Renaissance. C. The original place of the Renaissance and the main characteristics of it. D. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most important persons during the Renaissance. E. A short introduction to the Renaissance and the effects caused by it.

15. 2. The purpose of the first paragraph is to _______. A. introduce the painting The Mona Lisa B. tell what the spirit of the Renaissance is C. introduce the topic of the passage D. tell us something about Leonardo da Vinci

16. 3. The third paragraph tells us _______. A. what the Renaissance is B. international trade made the Renaissance possible C. many people were rich enough to buy art works D. Leonardo was lucky to work for important people

17. 4. The topic sentence of the 6th paragraph is _______. A. the first sentence B. the second sentence C. the last sentence

18. To solve difficult points

19. 1. It is believed to be the best example of a new life-like style of painting that amazed people when it was first used. 它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画 的最好代表, 这种绘画风格一经使用就 使人们惊叹不已。 第一个 it 指的是 _______________. to be the best example 是不定式短语 作宾语补足语 ; 第二个 it 指的是 __________________________. the Mona Lisa a new life-like style of painting

20. 2. take place 发生，无被动语态 The film festival takes place in October. We may never discover what took place that night. The concert takes place next Thursday. 3. perhaps more than any other 作插入语。

21. 1. more than 非常，不仅仅 It's more than likely that there's oil here under the ground. I was more than a little curious about the whole business. We will be more than glad / happy / willing to help you in any way we can.

22. 2. The word was used to describe a period in European history which began with the arrival of the first Europeans in America, an age of exploration, and the beginning of the modern world. 这个词被用来描绘随着首批欧洲人抵 达美洲而开始的那段历史，这是一段 探险的历史，也是现代世界史的开端。

23. be used to 被用来 begin with 以 …… 作为开端 The word 'cat' begins with the letter 'c'. There were six of us to begin with, then two people left. The hotel was awful! To begin with, our room was far too small. Then we found that the shower didn't work. the first Europeans in America 和 an age of exploration 为同位关系，后者对前者 补充说明

24. 1. work 作品 常用 works 。 These works were composed in 1773. 这些作品作于 1773 年。 2. This meant that people had money to spend on the arts; and it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works or employ them.

25. 也就是说人们有钱来花费在艺术上， 对于艺术家来说要想找到购买他们的 作品或者雇佣他们也更容易。 to spend on the arts 为不定式短语作定 语，修饰 money 。 to find people 为不定式短语作句子的 主语， artists 是不定式短语 to find people 的逻辑主语。 can afford to do something 出得起钱做 某事

26. She spends a lot of money on clothes. We've just spent £1.9 million on improving our computer network. I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary. Few people are able to afford cars like that. She couldn't afford the time off work to see him. I can't afford to buy a house.

27. 1. But they looked forward, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts. 而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望 未来。 looked forward 盼望，期待 I'm really looking forward to my holiday. She was looking forward to seeing the grandchildren again. I look forward to hearing from you.

28. 2. Architects preferred designing building with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages. 相比较于中世纪歌特式建筑的沉重来说, 建筑师们更喜欢光亮的建筑。 contrast (with) 与 …… 对立，与 …… 对照 If you contrast some of her early writings with her later works, you can see just how much she improved. The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.

29. Contrast these imported goods with the domestic product. 把进口货与国货比比看。 The ship contrasted with the blue sea. 那轮船与蔚蓝的大海形成对照。

30. 1. The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy. 这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新型的 人生哲学携手共进。 hand in hand 1) 手牵着手，共同地 walk hand in hand 手拉着手散步 2) 紧密相连 Dirt and disease go hand in hand. 肮脏和疾病紧密相连。

31. 2. After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God, philosophers began asking questions like “ What is a person?” “Why am I here?” 几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的 世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命 很渺小。现在他们提出诸如 “ 人为何物 ?” 以及 “ 我为何存在 ?” 这样的问题。

32. 1) be of littlie value be +of + 名词 be of use/importance/help=be useful / important/helpful My advice may be of use for you. This book will be of great value to him in his study. 2) compare A with B 把 A 和 B 进行比较 If you compare his article with our teacher’s, you will find so much difference.

33. 1. as well as 与 …… 一样好；不仅 …… 而 且 …… ，既 …… 又 …… She doesn't work as well as you (do). 她工作不如你好。 A teacher should entertain as well as teach. 教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴 趣。

34. As well as eating a seven-course meal, they drank seven bottles of wine. 他们除了吃七道菜外，还喝了七瓶酒。 The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加，而 且业余运动员也可以参加。 The boy as well as you ___interested in computer games. ( is /are) 这男孩和你一样对电脑感兴趣。 is

35. 2. Wherever he went he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. 不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本, 以便随时记录下自己的想法。 Wherever you go, I’ll follow you. All across Europe, wherever you look, marriage is in decline and divorce rates are soaring. Wherever you choose to live there are always going to be disadvantages.

36. 1. In short, Leonardo was an extraordinary genius, an example of what has been described as “ Renaissance man”: someone interested in everything and with many different talents. 简言之，来奥纳多 · 达 · 芬奇是一个非凡的 天才，一个被描绘成 “ 文艺复兴人 ” 的典 范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能 的人。 1) in short 总之，简而言之

37. In short, I am interested in all of the sports. 简而言之, 我对一切运动都感兴趣。 In short, he is one of the most promising students I've ever known. 总之，他是我见过最有希望的学生之一。 2) Renaissance man a man who does many different things very well: He's a writer, politician, musician and athlete - a real Renaissance man.

38. 2. But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa, it would have been genius enough for all time. 但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙 娜 · 丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。 for all time 永远 I will love you for all time.

39. Fill in the form of each paragraph PartsPara.topicMain idea Part 1 Para. 1 The Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa is believed to be a masterpiece of the Renaissance.

40. PartsPara.topicMain idea Part 2 Para. 2 Para. 3 Name and factor 1 How did the Renaissance get its name? What’s the factor that made the Renaissance possible? International trade is one of the factors that made the Renaissance possible. Factor 2

41. PartsPara.topicMain idea Part 3 Para. 4 Renaissance artists ____________________ __________. Para. 5 Philosophers began to ____________________ ________. Art Philoso- phy opened new frontiers in the arts change their attitudes to God

42. PartsPara.topicMain idea Part 3 Para. 6 It was also a period of _________________an d Leonardo was one of ___________________ ________ of that period. Para. 7 He was ____ ____________ ______ of all time. Science Leonar- do scientific invention the most famous scientists an extraordinarygenius

43. To get detail information

44. 1 When and where did the Renaissance begin? It took place in the 14 th -16 th century in Italy. 2 The Renaissance means the development of ___ and ___________, _____ and ________ in the 14th to 16th century. artarchitecture musicliterature

45. 3 Why was the Renaissance given this name? A. Because it has the concept of “rebirth”. B. Because it was an age of exploration. C. Because it was a very new age.

46. 4 What did it mean that Europe was getting richer, too? A. This meant that people had money to spend on the arts. B. This meant it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works. C. This meant it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to employ them. D. All of the above.

47. 5 What was new about (a) painting (b) music (c) architecture? polyphonic music lighter building perspective and effects of light (b) (c) (a)

48. 6 How did philosophy change at this time? People, not religion, were at the center of the universe. 7 Find out the factors that made the Renaissance possible. A. better living conditions B. the discovery of the new world C. international business D. a change in ideas about religion E. a change in climate

49. 8 Why do people think Leonardo was an extraordinary genius as well as a great artist ？ Besides being a famous painter, he was also a skilled inventor, who was well-known for his astonishing drawings of aeroplanes, parachutes, tanks and submarines.

50. 1. … the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece. 2. It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. 3. Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. 4. The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too. 5. But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa, it would have been genius enough for all time. Fact or Opinion O O F F O

51. Write an article about the Renaissance in your own words.