1. Lecture 13 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: 37607 Type in: 169964

2. Putting it all together – Glycolysis Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions - Spontaneous - Coupling - Rates Understood reaction rates - Activation energy - Enzymes Understood how enzymes work - Structure & function - Active sites Regulating individual reactions & pathways

3. So, here we go… Glycolysis Stage 1: Preparative Stage 2: Energy generating Glc  Pyruvate

4. Glycolysis steps: Which reactions do what? Fix Glc in cell Fix isomer conformation Split into 3-C molecules Isomerise to enable splitting into two 3-C molecules Use both 3-C molecules Generate energy (ATP)

5. 1. Fix Glc in cell

6. 2. Get a cleavable molecule Need to get TWO 3C chains

7. 2.5 Fix the isomer form

8. 3. Cleave into 3C molecules

9. 4. How to use BOTH molecules? Equilibrium: 96% DHAP!

10. 5. Start energy generation phase Carbon oxidation  Phosphoryl transfer potential

11. 6. Breakeven! Substrate level phosphorylation Carbon oxidation  Phosphoryl transfer potential

12. 7. Wait for it…

13. 7.5 Wait for it….

14. 8. Profit!

15. 1. Fix Glc in cell

16. 2.5 Fix the isomer form

17. 8. Profit!

18. Before understanding regulation… Overall reaction & importance of NADH Glc + 2ADP + 2P i + 2NAD + 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH+H + + 2H 2 0

19. Before understanding regulation… What is the fate of Pyruvate in cells?

20. Understanding regulation… Roles of Glycolysis What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Polysaccharides Monosaccharides Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA TCA Amino Acids Nucleotides Fru-2,6-bis-PO4 Lactic acid ATP

21. Regulating the pathway What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Positive regulators (Need MORE Glycolysis) Negative regulators (Need LESS Glycolysis)

22. Key regulatory points of Glycolysis