1. Agenda for Monday, February 1, 2016 1.While You Are Waiting - #1 2.Checking homework 3.Translation video clip 4.Discussion on Translation 5.Assignment: Using the Genetic Code 6.Homework: Pages 26 - 28

2. While You Are Waiting What part of the DNA molecule allows it to store, copy and transmit information?

3. Check Your Homework CCGCCG GGCGGC TGCATC ACGTAG TCTGAG UCUGAG CTATTC CCGCCG GACCGAUGU CTGGCTACA A=T T=A C=G A=U

4. Check Your Homework AGACUC DNA 2 The DNA is unzipped and unwound to allow free nucleotides to base pair to the template strand of DNA to form the mRNA molecule

5. Content Objectives: I will be able to describe the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis I will be able to describe the “central dogma” of molecular biology

6. Interesting Pharmacology Alpha-Amanitin, derived from the poisonous Amanita Phalloides mushroom, inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerases, particularly RNA polymerase II. Ingestion of small amounts of alpha-amanitin initially causes GI problems, but can rapidly result in death.

7. Application Question You are a doctor and teenager comes into the ER who just ingested what he thought was a psychedelic mushroom. His girlfriend who took him to the hospital said that she saw him eat a red mushroom with yellow dots sprinkled all over it. What is the mechanism of the toxin now in his system? – Aminita poisoning: inhibits RNA polymerase II important in eukaryotic cell transcription. – Note there is no cure for the toxin, supportive care and activated charcoal are the only treatments. Very often people die of liver and renal toxic syndromes caused by the alpha-aminitine toxin.

8. Translation Key Definitions: (write them down at the bottom of page 22) 1.Translation: Conversion of mRNA to protein 2.Codon: 3 mRNA nucleotides 3.Anticodon:3 tRNA nucleotides that are complimentary to the mRNA codon

9. Translation Video Clip Click image to view video clip

10. RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE

11. TRANSLATION (p.24) Beginning of translation Assembly of polypeptide Completing the polypeptide

12. Initiation overview Initiation – Initiator tRNA (methionine) binds to the small ribosomal subunit

13. RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE

14. Elongation overview Current tRNA in the P-site New tRNA added to A-site Amino acids are bound together E-site tRNA ejected

15. RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE

16. Termination overview When the codon in the A-site is a stop codon (UAG, UAA, or UGA) protein synthesis is completed

17. RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE

18. Genetic Code Let’s find the amino acid for the mRNA codon AUG

19. Assignment: Time to practice!!! In your packet, complete #1-10 on pages 23 and 24

20. Clinical Correlations Some Compounds that inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotic rRNA are utilized as antibiotics. Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis on the prokaryotic (70S) ribosomes and are used to treat a variety of infections. Question: What organelle in Eukaryotes could also be affected by these drugs and create adverse affects in humans? – Mitochondria

21. Homework: Pages 26-28 in the DNA packet