1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Adapted by Reiner Kolodinski

2. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

3. Russia’s Time Zones

4. Topography of Russia Ural Mts.Amur River – 2700 miles

5. Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozem Soil

6. What does all this mean? Russia is HUGE! Russia has vast resources! Russia is very DIVERSE! –Geographically & Demographically Russia is complex!

7. Themes in Russian History  Expansion by conquest.  Need for warm-water ports.  The necessity of a strong, central government.

8. Novgorod Middle Ages Political, economic, cultural center

9. Early Russia Vladimir of Kiev –10 th c. ruler who brought Greek Orthodoxy to R Yaroslav the Wise –Developed Kiev –Pursued W contact Rise of Boyar class –Great, White & Little (U) Russian cultural groups emerge –Autonomous kingdoms emerge –Mongols Invade1223-1480 “The Golden Horde”

10. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

12. Early Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet

13. Russian Landed Aristocracy “Boyars”

14. Russian Expansion Moving North

15. Alexander Nevsky: 1220-1263 Battle on the Ice (Neva River) Against the Swedes Teutonic Knight

16. The Mongols Invade Russia

17. Ivan (the Great) III (1462-1505) Ivan III Unified Northern Russia + ended Mongol rule Ivan III Unified Northern Russia + ended Mongol rule Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480

18. Russia in the Late 1500s

19. Ivan IV “Terrible” Tsar at 16 Reforms, Trade Modernized Legal Code Expanded Territory Wife died >> ‘Dark’ Ivan “Oprichnina” War – Ruin - Tragedy

20. Tsar Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645) (r. 1613-1645) “Time of Troubles” >>>> Established Romanov Dynasty Stability Beware the Streltsy

21. Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest

22. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative  Most Tsars  Russian Orthodox Church  Military  Boyars  Serfs = peasants  A few Tsars  Intellectual elites  Merchants/businessmen  Young members of the middle class. REFORM-MINDED LEADER DEMAGOGUE

23. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Peter or Ivan V? Secure the Throne Control Boyars & Streltsy Modernize military & navy Expand military by “conscription” Westernize Russia “Beard Tax”, clothes, court Expand Territory

24. Russia vs. Sweden After the Great Northern War Warm Water Port Defeats Sweden Peace of Nystad St. Petersburg

25. St. Petersburg, Russia New Capital & Western-style Court