1. Normal CSF Flow Measurements at the Aqueduct Performed at 3T E. Kapsalaki, I. Tsougos, P. Svolou, E. Dardiotis, G. Hadjigeorgiou, K.N. Fountas University Hospital of Larissa Depts of Radiology, Physics, Neurology and Neurosurgery XIX Symposium Neuroradiologicum, Bologna 2010

2. Introduction o Accurate knowledge of normal CSF flow through the aqueduct is important in decision making in patients with hydrocephalus o Purpose: oEvaluate normal CSF flow measurements at 3T in healthy volunteers and compare with 1,5T. oEstimation of user dependency with variation of Region-Of-Interest analysis.

3. Material and Methods o o15 healthy volunteers aged 15-43 yo (mean age 24.6 years) o o3Τ HDxT, GE MR system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA). o oPhase Contrast cine MRI o oCardiac gated, flow compensated, gradient echo sequences (flow encoding 10cm/sec). o oMeasurements performed on sagittal Τ1 o oROI analysis at three levels of the aqueduct o o ROIs of variable size were concentrically placed to evaluate user dependent variation o o Analysis performed on software provided o o PPV, PNV and AF were evaluated

4. Material and Methods Cerebral aqueduct is divided anatomically into three parts, separated by two natural constrictions of the aqueductal lumen, one in the middle of the superior colliculus (A) and the other at the level of the intercolliculars sulcus (B) forming the – –upper part - pars anterior or inlet, – –middle part - ampulla and – –inferior part – pars posterior Lee et al. Korean J. Radiol. 2004

6. ROI_1= Exactly at the margins of the aqueduct ROI_2= Slightly larger than the aqueductal margins Baseline= Outside the area of the aqueduct at the midbrain separating (+) from (–) flow. Total ROI area (mm2) INLETROI_1 3.32 ± 1.359 ROI_2 4.55 ± 1.702 Baseline 0.48 ± 0.174 AMPULLAROI_1 3.45 ± 1.204 ROI_2 4.87 ± 1.648 Baseline 0.53 ± 0.305 PARS POSTERIO R ROI_1 4.13 ± 1.306 ROI_2 5.83 ± 1.835 Baseline 0.50 ± 0.273

7. Flow quantification was carried out using the software provided by the manufacturer (GE Report Card version 3.6)

9. Create our own database

10. C A B

11. Anatomical Level ROI (mm 2 ) Mean AF (±SD) (ml/beat) Mean PPV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean PNV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean ROI Area (±SD) (mm 2 ) InletROI_1 ROI_2 0.034 ± 0.018 0.055 ± 0.022 9.46 ± 0.671 -8.24 ± 2.011* -8.24 ± 2.011 3.66 ± 1.343 5.97 ± 1.810 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0031.78 ± 0.267-0.01 ± 0.0140.53 ± 0.286 AmpullaROI_1 ROI_2 0.036 ± 0.016 0.055 ± 0.016 8.71 ± 1.134 -7.02 ± 2.825 3.61 ± 0.552 5.47 ± 0.949 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0021.85 ± 0.090-0.00 ± 0.000.42 ± 0.186 Pars PosteriorROI_1 ROI_2 0.031 ± 0.016 0.047 ± 0.021 8.01 ± 1.470 -5.54 ± 2.915 4.33 ± 1.802 6.68 ± 2.647 Baseline0.003 ± 0.0021.57 ± 0.274 -0.07 ± 0.1010.46 ± 0.274 RESULTS Anatomical Level ROI (mm 2 ) Mean AF (±SD) (ml/beat) Mean PPV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean PNV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean ROI Area (±SD) (mm 2 ) InletROI_1 ROI_2 0.034 ± 0.018 0.055 ± 0.022 9.46 ± 0.671 -8.24 ± 2.011* -8.24 ± 2.011 3.66 ± 1.343 5.97 ± 1.810 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0031.78 ± 0.267-0.01 ± 0.0140.53 ± 0.286 AmpullaROI_1 ROI_2 0.036 ± 0.016 0.055 ± 0.016 8.71 ± 1.134 -7.02 ± 2.825 3.61 ± 0.552 5.47 ± 0.949 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0021.85 ± 0.090-0.00 ± 0.000.42 ± 0.186 Pars PosteriorROI_1 ROI_2 0.031 ± 0.016 0.047 ± 0.021 8.01 ± 1.470 -5.54 ± 2.915 4.33 ± 1.802 6.68 ± 2.647 Baseline0.003 ± 0.0021.57 ± 0.274 -0.07 ± 0.1010.46 ± 0.274 Anatomical Level ROI (mm 2 ) Mean AF (±SD) (ml/beat) Mean PPV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean PNV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean ROI Area (±SD) (mm 2 ) InletROI_1 ROI_2 0.034 ± 0.018 0.055 ± 0.022 9.46 ± 0.671 -8.24 ± 2.011* -8.24 ± 2.011 3.66 ± 1.343 5.97 ± 1.810 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0031.78 ± 0.267-0.01 ± 0.0140.53 ± 0.286 AmpullaROI_1 ROI_2 0.036 ± 0.016 0.055 ± 0.016 8.71 ± 1.134 -7.02 ± 2.825 3.61 ± 0.552 5.47 ± 0.949 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0021.85 ± 0.090-0.00 ± 0.000.42 ± 0.186 Pars PosteriorROI_1 ROI_2 0.031 ± 0.016 0.047 ± 0.021 8.01 ± 1.470 -5.54 ± 2.915 4.33 ± 1.802 6.68 ± 2.647 Baseline0.003 ± 0.0021.57 ± 0.274 -0.07 ± 0.1010.46 ± 0.274 Anatomical Level ROI (mm 2 ) Mean AF (±SD) (ml/beat) Mean PPV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean PNV (±SD) (cm/sec) Mean ROI Area (±SD) (mm 2 ) InletROI_1 ROI_2 0.034 ± 0.018 0.055 ± 0.022 9.46 ± 0.671 -8.24 ± 2.011* -8.24 ± 2.011 3.66 ± 1.343 5.97 ± 1.810 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0031.78 ± 0.267-0.01 ± 0.0140.53 ± 0.286 AmpullaROI_1 ROI_2 0.036 ± 0.016 0.055 ± 0.016 8.71 ± 1.134 -7.02 ± 2.825 3.61 ± 0.552 5.47 ± 0.949 Baseline0.004 ± 0.0021.85 ± 0.090-0.00 ± 0.000.42 ± 0.186 Pars PosteriorROI_1 ROI_2 0.031 ± 0.016 0.047 ± 0.021 8.01 ± 1.470 -5.54 ± 2.915 4.33 ± 1.802 6.68 ± 2.647 Baseline0.003 ± 0.0021.57 ± 0.274 -0.07 ± 0.1010.46 ± 0.274

12. Conclusions I ROI size – –has no effect on PPV and PNV – –Affects flow PPV PNV slight decrease caudally No significant variation between measurements of flow in the different parts of the aqueduct Select ampulla for measurements Usually wider and better reproducibility Normal measurements at 1.5T reported <0.044ml/sec at the ampulla

13. AMPULLA Peak Positive Velocity (cm/s) Average Flow (ml/beat) NoAGESEX1st 2nd Baseline1st 2nd Baseline 115M6.11 1.340.0140.0190.001 239F6.92 1.980.0500.0660.012 343F4.87 1.610.0170.0240.002 419F3.44 1.710.0350.0480.002 527F8.17 1.970.0330.0420.005 619F9.83 1.810.0570.0880.006 719F3.41 1.710.0400.0560.002 819F2.95 1.520.0170.0220.002 919F9.44 1.920.0410.0530.003 1027M9.95 2.290.0550.0770.007 1119F4.24 1.390.0120.0190.002 1228F8.218.221.620.0320.0350.003 1325M3.453.4451.560.0240.0300.002 1459M7.06 1.580.0410.0600.006 RESULTS 0.036±0.016 ml/beat Max 0.057 ml/beat ml/beat Min 0.014 AMPULLA

14. 2. Stoquart-ElSankari, S., O. Baledent, et al. (2007). "Aging effects on cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid flows." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27(9): 1563-72.  19 healthy volunteers (mean age 27 years) και 12 elderly normal volunteers (m.a. 71 y)  1.5Τ MR System (Signa; General Electric Medical System, Milwaukee, USA)  ROI measurements at the level of the ampulla and at various levels of the cervical spine REFERENCES

15. Conclusions II o ROI size affects average flow o ROI should be placed at the margins of the aqueduct in order to obtain the most accurate measurements o Normal average CSF flow at the level of the aqueduct at 3T was 0.036±0.016 ml/beat o Measurements at 3T do not show significant variability compared to measurements reported at 1.5T o Creation of database, age matched, to evaluate patients with dilated ventricular system