1. G.New African States Arrives 1)Struggle for control of the slave and gold trade in Africa ended with some states’ demise and other states’ expansion. Some African states dominated the slave trade a)The Asante Kingdom successfully gained regional monopolies on trade with Europe Osei Tutu won control of the trading city of Kumasi He also unified the Asante kingdom by claiming that his right to rule came from heaven  Claimed that his people were bound spiritually Government officials, chosen by merit, rather than by birth, ran an efficient bureaucracy 1 of 7 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Witness History Audio: Great Seabirds Arrive

2. The officials managed the royal monopolies on gold mining and the slave trade. Traded with the Europeans on the coast, playing the Europeans against one another  This was done to protect themselves b)The Oyo empire also gained wealth from the slave trade. Arose from the successive waves of settlement by the Yoruba people from present-day Nigeria H.The European Presence Expands 1)The British, Dutch, and French gained footholds in Africa as Portuguese control diminished. a)Unlike the Portuguese, they established permanent footholds throughout the continent. 2)The Dutch built the first permanent European settlement at Cape Town, and then began to push north. 1 of 7 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia

3. a)Cape Town was used to supply ships sailing to and from the East Indies. b)Group of Dutch farmers, called Boers settled in Cape Town. 3)The British and French started in present-day Senegal. a)In 1788, the British established the African Association Sponsored explorers to Africa Interest in exploring Africa sparked by the search for the source of the Nile River. 1 of 7 The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Note Taking Transparency 107

4. The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia: Section 2 Note Taking Transparency 107 5 of 7 New African States Asante kingdom arises in the area of present-day Ghana. Oyo empire arises from successive waves of settlement by Yoruba people. Slave Trade European involvement encourages broader Atlantic slave trade. Europeans rely on African rulers and traders to seize captives and bring them to trading posts and forts. Some African leaders such as Affonso I, try to stop the slave trade. European Footholds Portuguese establish forts and trading posts. Portuguese attack coastal cities of East Africa. Portuguese expel the Arabs and take over the East African trade network. Effects of European Exploration