1. The Thirty Years War 1618-1648 IR 1205: History of IR since 1648 Md. Sohel Rana Lecturer Department of International Relations Bangladesh University of Professionals

2. Lecture Outline  Thirty Years’ War  War Parties  Origin of the War  Phases of the War

3. Thirty Years’ War  Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe lasting from 1618 to 1648.

4. Thirty Years’ War  It was a protracted and devastating war in the history of Europe that took nearly 7.5 million lives.  It was a part religious or civil war and a part international war.

5. Thirty Years’ War  The mainstream location of the war was today’s Germany where the Holy Roman Empire laid.

6. War Parties  Two principal contestants: I. Spain and Austria II. France and The United Provinces

7. War Parties  Two contestant religious sects: I. Catholicism II. Protestantism (Lutheranism & Calvinism)

8. Origin of the War  1555 – Peace of Augsburg

9. Origin of the War  1568-1648 – Eighty Years’ War

10. Origin of the War  1609 – Twelve Years’ Truce Allegory of Peace and Plenty

11. Origin of the War  1609 – Letter of Majesty Letter of Majesty Emperor Rudolf II

12. Origin of the War  1608 – Protestant Union  1609 – Catholic League Frederick of the Palatinate Maximilien of Bavaria

13. Origin of the War  1617 – Ferdinand as King of Bohemia Ferdinand

14. Origin of the War  1618 – Defenestration of Prague

15. Phases of the War The Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625

16. Phases of the War The Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625  1619 – Emperor Matthias died; and Ferdinand became the new emperor. Ferdinand II Matthias

17. Phases of the War The Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625  1619 – Frederick of Palatinate became the King of Bohemia. Frederick

18. Phases of the War The Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625  1620 – The Battle of White Mountain.

19. Phases of the War The Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625  1622 – Conquest of the Palatinate.

20. Phases of the War The Danish Phase, 1625-1630  1625 – Christian IV of Denmark signed the Treaty of Hague.

21. Phases of the War The Danish Phase, 1625-1630  Emperor Ferdinand II discovered Abrecht von Wallenstein. Abrecht von Wallenestein

22. Phases of the War The Danish Phase, 1625-1630  1629 - Christian IV losing battle in 1626 withdrew from the war.  1629 – Treaty of Lubeck.

23. Phases of the War The Danish Phase, 1625-1630  1629 – ‘Edict of Restitution.’ “Restore to Catholic authority all Church lands which had been secularized since 1552.”

24. Phases of the War The Swedish Phase, 1630-1635

25. Phases of the War The Swedish Phase, 1630-1635  1630 – King Gustavus Adolphus committed Sweden to war.

26. Phases of the War The Swedish Phase, 1630-1635  1631 – Battle of Breitenfeld.

27. Phases of the War The Swedish Phase, 1630-1635  1632 – Battle of Lutzen.

28. Phases of the War The Swedish Phase, 1630-1635  1633 – The League of Heilbronn was organized by the Swedish Chancellor.  1634 – The imperial troops smashed the League and defeated them.  1635 – Peace of Prague.

29. Phases of the War The French Phase, 1635-1648

30. Phases of the War The French Phase, 1635-1648  1635 – France, led by Louis XIII entered into the war.

31. Phases of the War The French Phase, 1635-1648  1637 – The imperial troops started suffering a series of defeats.  1638 – Treaty of Hamburg.  1642 – The Swedish army invaded Bohemia.

32. Phases of the War The French Phase, 1635-1648  1643 – Battle of Rocroi.

33. Phases of the War The French Phase, 1635-1648  1645 – Franco-Swedish forces defeated the Emperor.  1648 – Treaty of Westphalia.

35. ‘Critical Question’  Was the Thirty Years’ War a war of religion?

39. The Thirty Years War 1618-1648 IR 1205: History of IR since 1648 Md. Sohel Rana Lecturer Department of International Relations Bangladesh University of Professionals