1. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 1 + Radio Resource Measurement Tutorial

2. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 2 Agenda - Why Radio Resource Measurement now? - 802.11 Existing Measurement Approach - Proposed Approach - Requirements - Issues - Futures - Conclusions

3. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 3 Military Communications Needs Connectivity WIN-T Munitions Robotics Sensors Tactical WIN-T Tactical Unattended Ground Layer: ManeuverLayer: Space Layer: AirborneLayer: Assured Communications Anywhere in the World Without Fixed Infrastructure and Zero Setup Time

4. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 4 RRM Extension Options RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible. RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs. MAC PLCP PMD PLME PHY SAP PMD SAP SME MLME PLME SAP MLME SAP PLME SAP MAC SAP RRM Applications (outside 802.11)

5. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 5 MIBs – current 802.11 –Basic measurements & configuration for STA –Widely implemented in APs –Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics 802.1x –Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports –Also some per port statistics –Not widely implemented in access points today Bridge MIB –Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated with an AP –Implemented in some APs –Not 802.11 specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics

6. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 6 Work from existing TGs 802.11d –dot11CountryString TGe –dot11AssociatedStationCount –dot11ChannelUtilization –dot11FrameLossRate TGi –Write only key access, & IV status TGh –Configuration, but no status, monitoring or statistics!!!

7. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 7 Purpose of additions Enable better diagnostics of problems –Using info that is easy and cheap to gather Enable better frequency planning, optimize network performance –Enable automatic frequency planning Enable new services –Location based services

8. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 8 Diagnostics Interference from non 802.11 sources Interference from other 802.11 networks Interference from other APs within same ESS

9. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 9 Add station table to MIB Station table is list of wireless STAs an AP knows about Also applicable to IBSS Currently implemented by many APs, as proprietary MIB/telnet/web interface

10. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 10 Stations Listed in Table Only wireless stations listed Stations that have communicated with this STA –Authenticating stations –Authenticated stations –Associated stations –WDS links Wireless stations known about through DS only (e.g. pre-auth)

11. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 11 Stations communicated with Table includes all stations a station has received any frames from For each station expose full state of communication with that station –Pre RSN authentication state –802.1x port ID Further auth info can be found from 802.1x MIB –Association state –Detailed link statistics

12. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 12 Link statistics dot11MACStatistics Counts of –MSDUs/MPDUs received/transmitted –Channel utilization in rx & tx direction Measured as total μs Data rate & modulation of last rx and tx RSSI, signal quality Link margin as seen by other station –Available for 11h stations –Either use recent measurement report, or request report for each SNMP request

13. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 13 Add MAC statistics to MIB Channel utilization from TGe Total associated stations Total authenticated stations Optional events to notify mgmt station of authentication and association events –Current MIB sends TRAPS on assoc/auth failures

14. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 14 Events to report Allow all events to be configurable as –Not reported –Reported as TRAP (unreliable) –Reported as INFORM (reliable) Default configuration should give same events as current 802.11 MIB Report all pre RSN auth/deauth events Report all association/deassocation events

15. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 15 Requirements Categories Data, Voice, Video Data – QoS, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Voice – RSSI, S/N, Delay, Jitter, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Video – RSSI, S/N, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Diagnostics (non-802.11, 802.11, other APs) Access Point Table Station Table (BSS and IBSS) Link stats (counts, data rates, RSSI, link margin) MAC Statistics (channel utilization, total stations, events) Events (auth, deauth, associate, deassociate, current MIB) Coexistence Measurements Retries Clear Channel Assessment

16. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 16 Paper Topics MIBs Signal Strength Standardizing RSSI Real Time Parameters Real Time Issues Retries Measuring Transmission Speeds Measuring Throughput in WLANs VOIP Radio Resource Issues Video Radio Resource Issues Additional Information needed in the MIBs (802.1x, 802.11, 802.1p) Diagnostics Needed for Effective Mgt of WLANs

17. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 17

18. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 18 Goal of Radio Measurement: Initial deployment –Enable some degree of automatic radio configuration Network expansion –Enable some degree of automatic radio reconfiguration Maintenance/troubleshooting –Provide information to monitor radio performance and fix problems

19. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 19 Define Radio Configuration: A set of 802.11 parameter values, individualized for each BSS in a WLAN, that determine WLAN radio performance Including, but not limited to: –BSS channel –AP transmit power –Client transmit power limit

20. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 20 What will radio measurements allow us to do? –Simplify and/or automate WLAN radio configuration –Achieve better performance in dense BSS deployments –Better utilize radio resources across client stations –Alert WLAN administrator to problems –Notify client station users of current radio status –Each company uses measurements to add value

21. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 21 What should we measure? –Attributes that characterize the WLAN radio environment –Attributes that affect or reflect WLAN radio performance –Attributes that are not manufacturer specific –Define the simplest, smallest set of measurements required

22. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 22 Two Categories of RM Statistical Measurements characterize the radio environment in a long-term statistical sense. For example, –Measure 802.11 traffic load as channel busy fraction 1 –Measure non-802.11 interference as received power histogram 1 Identity Measurements identify stations that affect each other’s performance. For example, –Identify each neighbor AP by overhearing its MAC address –Identify each neighbor STA and its serving AP in a similar manner –Identify hidden STA when receiving downlink frames with no ACK 1: these measurements are already in 802.11h draft

23. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 23 What changes are needed in all stas? Wireless MAC message protocol –Build upon 802.11h mechanisms and measurement frames –Add RRM capability bit and RRM action frame type –Augment 802.11h measurements with new requests/reports MAC firmware – Handle new management frames in the wireless MAC protocol – Compute measurement payloads from PHY registers and traffic

24. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 24 What additional changes are needed in access points? Process measurement requests from external entity –Translate external request into measurement action at AP radio –Translate request into action frame and send to client stations –Perform these actions at periodic interval, if requested Accumulate, store and/or report measurements –Measurements taken at the AP radio –Measurements reported by client stations –Method of conveyance is a separate discussion

25. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 25 What should not change at any station? –Wireless MAC control frames and procedures –Wireless MAC data frames and procedures –Any hardware, including MAC and PHY

26. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 26 Define Radio Control: What it is –Ability to remotely assign parameters values to client stations –802.11h already does something similar via Power Constraint –RRM could do this via parameter command action frames What it is not –Algorithm for radio planning, load balancing or QoS control –Method for converting algorithm results into parameter values

27. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 27 The TGh model The 802.11 standard place MIBs in the MLME and PLME and specifies access from SME via the MLME SAP and PLME SAP using generic GET/SET primitives [see Figure 63 of ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E)] TGh handles measurement and control using MLME primitives.

28. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 28 TGh layer management model Extract from 802.11h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement extensions for DFS and TPC. MAC Timing Measurement Processing Measurement Policy Channel Switch Decision Measurement Frames SME MLME Channel Switch Timing PLME SME MLME MREQUEST /MREPORT Measurement Frames Measurement Policy MEASURE CHANNEL SWITCH MREQUEST /MREPORT Figure 26 – Layer Management Model

29. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 29 Future Allocation & Utilization Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization –Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy –Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Heavy Use Sparse Use Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity  Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service  Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Heavy Use Medium Use

30. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 30 What is the XG Program? Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum –Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) –Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency

31. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 31 Key Technologies Develop Both the Enabling Technology and the System Concepts to Dynamically Use Spectrum

32. doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/651r0 Submission November 2002 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 32 Measurements Necessary for Future Growth Fast Track for Radio Resource Measurement More Control May Be Adopted as a Next Step (another task group) Future Technologies Require More Measurement Automating Radio Environment Adaptation Conclusions