1. Standard 2.3 Formation of Ions

2. Octet Rule Atoms will behave in such a way that they will achieve a complete octet of valence electrons.

3. Octet Rule Atoms will behave in such a way that they will achieve a complete octet of valence electrons. A complete octet means 8 (or zero) electrons in the valence level.

4. Metals

5. Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations.

6. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost.

7. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium Magnesium Aluminum

8. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium1 Magnesium Aluminum

9. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11 Magnesium Aluminum

10. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium Aluminum

11. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium2 Aluminum

12. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22 Aluminum

13. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum

14. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum3

15. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum33

16. Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum33Al 3+

17. What will be the charge on a barium ion (Ba)?

18. With 2 valence electrons, barium will form an ion with a 2 + charge.

19. Transition metal ions

20. Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible.

21. Transition metal ions Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with.

22. Transition metal ions Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with. Transition metal ions require a roman numeral after the element name to indicate which charge is present (iron(II) and iron(III)).

23. Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with. Transition metal ions require a roman numeral after the element name to indicate which charge is present (iron(II) and iron(III)). Zinc and silver never get a roman numeral since zinc will always have a charge of 2 + and silver is always 1 +.

24. Nonmetals

25. Nonmetals tend to gain valence electrons to form anions.

26. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained.

27. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine oxygen carbon

28. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine7 oxygen carbon

29. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71 oxygen carbon

30. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen carbon

31. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen6 carbon

32. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62 carbon

33. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon

34. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon4

35. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon44

36. Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon44C 4-

37. Determine the charge on the fluoride ion.

38. With 7 valence electrons, fluorine will tend to gain one electron giving it a charge of 1 -.