2. Which one does bacteria belong to? Which term do the animal and plant cells fall in? 1 What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

3. WARM-UP #8: Cell Theory Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuJqqiATlqw&feature=rel ated http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuJqqiATlqw&feature=rel ated Who are the contributing scientists and what did they contribute for the Cell Theory?

4. CELLS

5. Cell Structure and Function I Chapter 7-1, 7-2Study Guide Pg. 37-38Chapter 7-1, 7-2Study Guide Pg. 37-38

6. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells

7. 6 Basic Structure of a Cell

8. 7 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

9. Cell Exploration Light Microscopes –Living organisms can be seen –Light limits the resolution so extremely small things like proteins and viruses cannot be observed

10. Cell Exploration High resolution video technology –Allows scientists to see time elapsed movies of cells as the grow, divide and develop. –http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htmhttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

11. Cell Exploration Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs ) –Can see more detail and extremely small structures –Beams of electrons must pass through ultra-thin sliced samples therefore no living things can be seen

12. 11 Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

13. 12  Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles  Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals) Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

14. 13 Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

15. 14 Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

16. 15 Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

17. 16 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

18. 17 Organelles Found in Cells Examples of Organelles include: Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes Ribosomes – makes proteins

19. 18 Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacsStacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side & a receiving sideHave a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ERReceive & modify proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the endsTransport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle

20. 19 Lysosome Contain digestive enzymesContain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cellsBreak down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

21. 20 Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleusInside nucleus Disappears when cell dividesDisappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteinsMakes ribosomes that make proteins

22. 21 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

23. 22 Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

24. 23 Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP In Animal Cells: Mitochondria

25. 24 Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Selectively permeable Cell membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane

26. 25 Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place Cytoplasm Cytoplasm of a Cell

27. 26 Controls the normal activities of the cell Bounded by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes Control Organelle Nucleus

28. 27 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast

29. 28 Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell Cell wall Plant Cell

30. 29 Have a large central vacuole Surrounded by tonoplast Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole

31. 30 Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

32. 31 mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy vacuole

33. 32 Animal Cell Organelles Near the nucleus Paired structures Help cell divide

34. 33 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

35. 34 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

36. 35 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

37. 36 Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

38. 37 Compound Microscope Instrument for observing small objects Magnify images up to 2000X their size

39. 38 Different parts of a microscope

40. 39 Eyepiece Fine adjustment Arm Stage Condenser control knob Base Body tube Coarse adjustment Iris diaphragm Revolving nosepiece Objective Clip Condenser Mirror