1. The structure of noun phrases
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 7.1.3

2. Noun phrase Examples a. the dog b. a moderately short programme
c. some very old cars
d. six bags of wholemeal flour
e. very dirty marks on the walls

3. Representing the structure of noun phrases
dog

4. a moderately short programme
noun phrase
adjective phrase
noun
adverb
adjective a
moderately
short
programme

5. Constituents of noun phrases
determiners
articles
the (definite article)
a (indefinite article)
demonstratives:
this, that, these, those
numerals
Cardinal, e.g. 1, 2, 3
Ordinal, e.g first, second, third
quantifiers
e.g. all, some, many, most, few

6. More constituents of noun phrases
adjective phrases
e.g. the very red bicycle
possessives
Data
the bishop's residences
a singer's vocal cords
the new committee's duties
noun phrases in determiner position
Note: the apostrophe

7. Representing the structure of possessives
Noun phrase
's/'

8. More constituents of noun phrases
prepositional phrases
e.g. the man in the moon

9. Pronouns have noun phrases as antecedents.
e.g. The snake slid though the grass as it tried to escape.
Pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and gender.
e.g. grandmother ... she
uncle Jim ... he
the lawnmower ... it
the team ... they
Pronouns take the case of their place in the syntax of the sentence.
e.g. He saw her bike near them.