1. Chapter 2 Research, Treatment, and Points of View: Historical Perspectives Clinical Neuroscience by Kelly Lambert and Craig Howard Kinsley

2. Emergence of the Brain as the Controlling Center of Behavior, Emotions, and Thought Head, Heart, and Mind–Body Problem Hippocrates: Heart of mental functions Hippocrates: Heart of mental functions Galen: Spirit of mental functions Galen: Spirit of mental functions René Descartes: Body meets mind René Descartes: Body meets mind

3. Emergence of the Brain as the Controlling Center of Behavior, Emotions, and Thought (cont.) Localizing Functions in the Brain Thomas Willis: Pioneer of brain functions Thomas Willis: Pioneer of brain functions Franz Joseph Gall: Rise and fall of phrenology Franz Joseph Gall: Rise and fall of phrenology Paul Broca: Localization of language Paul Broca: Localization of language

4. Emergence of the Brain as the Controlling Center of Behavior, Emotions, and Thought (cont.) Pioneers of Cellular Investigations in the Brain: The Architects Camillo Golgi: Revealing neuronal structure with the perfect stain Camillo Golgi: Revealing neuronal structure with the perfect stain Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Providing evidence for the neuron doctrine Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Providing evidence for the neuron doctrine Charles Scott Sherrington: Describing the synapse Charles Scott Sherrington: Describing the synapse

5. Emergence of the Brain as the Controlling Center of Behavior, Emotions, and Thought (cont.) Pioneers of Cellular Investigations in the Brain: The Chemical Engineers Otto Loewi: Dreaming of chemical communication Otto Loewi: Dreaming of chemical communication Edgar D. Adrian: Amplifying the electrical language of the neuron Edgar D. Adrian: Amplifying the electrical language of the neuron

6. Neurological Approaches to Mental Illness Mental Illness Meets the Microscope Jean-Martin Charcot: Birth of Neurology

7. The Investigators: Eric Richard Kandel: From Studying the History of Neuroscience to Becoming the History of Neuroscience

8. Biological Therapies for Mental Illness Early Biological Treatments Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) The Drug Revolution Psychosurgery

9. Importance of a Therapeutic Environment Phillip Pinel and the Fall of the Asylum Behaviorism: A Different Type of Therapeutic Environment Beyond Behaviorism: Rethinking the Role of Mental Processes in Mental Health

10. Profiling the Pioneers of Clinical Neuroscience

11. Summary