1. ARTHRITIS Rheumatoid Arthritis Presented By: Ali Raza Ansar Qudsia Sehar Hafsa Kabir Rheumatoid Arthritis Presented By: Ali Raza Ansar Qudsia Sehar Hafsa Kabir

2. Introduction Joint disorder that cause inflammation Over 100 types of Arthritis Most Common is Rheumatoid Arthritis and osteoarthritis, both are autoimmune diseases.  Symptoms – Inability to use the hand or walk – Malaise and a feeling of tiredness – Weight loss – Poor sleep – Muscle aches and pains – Tenderness – Difficulty moving the joint

3. Biology Of Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.Genetic Basis of RA: – HLA genes: HLA-DR1 and DR4 are associated with disease – PDAI: Peptidyl arginine deaminase gene – PTN22 gene: Regulates kinases 2.Autoantibodies: – Rh factor: Antibody, binds to the Fc region of IgG.

5. – ACPA: Anti-citrullinated protein antibody, MHC class-II, specially bearing “shared epitope” bind efficiently with citrullinated proteins. An immune response is triggered producing ACPA. 3.Inflammation and bone deformity: – Different cytokines are involved – IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα are important – Normal bone remodeling Osteoblasts Osteoclasts – NF-κB plays significant role in RA pathogenesi – Role of estrogen

9. Diagnosis of Arthritis Diagnostic Tools 1.Physical Examination 2.Laboratory Tests 3.Medical Imaging

10. Laboratory Tests Rheumatoid factor Erythrocyte sedimentation Rate C-reactive protein Anti-cylic citullinated Peptide Antibody Test Antinuclear Antibodies Compete blood count

11. Treatment Drug treatment Occupational/physical therapy Surgery Biologics

12. Drug Treatment Pain killers NSAID’S (non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug) Cox-2 inhibitors Gold injections

13. Physical therapy Surgery Performed when patients are non-responsive for treatment

14. Biotechnological Applications in Treatment Biologics – Use specifically for rheumatoid arthritis – Target specific Act only on immune system – Anti- t.f is an example

15. Current Research Projects DEVELOPMENT OF ANTISENSE THERAPY OF ARTHRITIS DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOMARKER FOR RA

16. Development of Antisense Therapy of Arthritis Developed by BGN technologies Target cPLA-2 Inhibits the synthesis of c-PLA 2 ENZYME

17. Development of a Biomarker For RA RA biomarker based on 14-3-3η protein It is an intracellular protein Suffering from RA it is involved in joints deformation and is released inside joints