1. BEFORE MODERN CHEMISTRY…

2. Do Now… Long before modern chemistry, early scientists (as early as 400 BC!!) tried to turn different things into gold. This pursuit was called alchemy, and the scientists were called alchemists. QUESTION: Do you think alchemists were successful in turning things into gold? Use 2-3 full sentences to explain and justify your thoughts!

3. Alchemy The word chemistry, comes from the word alchemy Alchemy: both practical and mystical reputations Famous Alchemists (i.e. Robert Boyle…who we will hear from again in about 5 months) considered to be the fathers of modern chemistry Show video: 7:00-10:56

4. Practical Alchemy v. Mystical Alchemy Practical Alchemy: focused on techniques for working with metals, glass, and dyes…separating mixtures & purifying chemicals.  Development of: beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, mortar & pestel - What they failed to answer is: WHY?? Mystical Alchemy: centered around perfection - gold = perfect metal - tried to turn metals (i.e. lead) into gold Show video: 11:28 – 14:57

5. A Shift to Chemistry… By the 16 th century, there was a shift from alchemy to science. This was highlighted by discussion to make conclusions based on observations and experimental evidence. Furthermore, in the 17 th century, science (led by French scientist Lavoisler) transformed from a science based only on observation to a science of measurement) – which it is today!

6. A Penny Foy Your Thoughts Today you will be alchemists! Your goal: To turn copper into gold! (a penny!)

7. Today’s Experiment I am going to guide you through this experiment…so everyone needs to listen and cooperate. Please remain at your lab bench. If you have a question, raise your hand! **This experiment involves dangerous chemicals, so PLEASE BE CAREFUL!** Sodium hydroxide will burn you!  Review Sodium Hydroxide safety  Check: Hair tied back ; Closed shoes ; goggles on!

8. LAB… Overview: (please read through procedure before continuing) - Put enough zinc into a 100mL beaker to cover the bottom - CAREFULLY add 20mL of 3M NaOH to the same beaker - (Again, NaOH will burn …run under water IMMEDIATELY and call for me if it comes into contact with your skin!) - Place the beaker on a hot plate (set to 4). If it begins to boil, turn it down. (Note: it is okay if it boils a little, relax, do not freak out – just turn the heat down a little) - USING TONGS, place the penny in the hot NaOH (be VERY CAREFUL w/ tongs) - While it is “cooking”, half-fill a separate beaker with cold tap water and label it (tape w/ partners’ names). - Using tongs, remove the penny and put it into the beaker of water. Turn off the burner and un plug it. Put it aside at your lab bench and return to your seat.

9. BB Safety