2.  Heat Cramps  Heat Exhaustion  Heat Stroke

3.  Symptoms ◦ Severe muscle cramps ◦ General Weakness ◦ Dizziness and fainting  Treatment ◦ Move to a cool shady place ◦ Electrolyte drinks ◦ Massage the cramped area ◦ Apply moist towels to the cramped muscle and the patient’s forehead ◦ Transport the person to a medical care facility if symptoms worsen

4.  Symptoms ◦ Rapid and shallow breathing ◦ Weak pulse ◦ Cold and clammy skin ◦ Heavy perspiration ◦ Weakness and dizziness  Treatment ◦ Move to a cool shady place ◦ Remove enough clothing to cool the patient ◦ Fan the patient’s skin to promote sweat evaporation ◦ If conscious provide electrolyte drinks ◦ Treat for shock and transport to a medical care facility

5.  Symptoms ◦ Deep breathing becoming progressively more shallow ◦ Rapid strong pulse becoming weaker ◦ Dry and hot skin ◦ Unconsciousness, seizures, and muscular twitching ◦ Dilated pupils  Treatment ◦ Remove the person from any heat sources and remove clothing ◦ Immerse the patient in cool water, or use cold wet towels or ice packs on the patient’s armpits, groin, under the neck, and behind the knees ◦ Treat for shock and transport the patient to a medical care facility

6.  Drink plenty of water per day ◦ 2 quarts minimum on mild days ◦ 6 to 8 quarts on hot days or 1 quart an hour ◦ Frequent sipping is better than guzzling  Monitor the color of your urine  Wear loose fitting and open clothing  Do not overexert yourself  Use the buddy system  Don’t be afraid to stop, rest and drink

7.  Frostbite ◦ Early stage ◦ Later stage  Hypothermia ◦ Early stage ◦ Later stage

8.  Symptoms ◦ Skin turns from red to white and waxy ◦ Numbness in the affected area  Treatment ◦ Warm the affected area using body heat ◦ DO NOT massage a frostbitten body part

9.  Symptoms ◦ Skin turns mottled o blotchy, then yellow, and finally greyish- blue  Treatment ◦ Transport the patient to a medical care facility immediately ◦ DO NOT massage a frostbitten body part

10.  Symptoms ◦ Uncontrollable shivering ◦ Numbness  Treatment ◦ Keep the patient warm and dry ◦ Remove wet clothing ◦ Warm the central body before the extremities to keep blood from flowing away from the major organs

11.  Symptoms ◦ Drowsiness ◦ Inability to perform simple actions ◦ Slow pulse and breathing rate ◦ Failing eyesight and a “glassy stare” ◦ Unconsciousness  Treatment ◦ All treatment steps for early hypothermia ◦ Handle the patient gently and place in a head-down position ◦ Transport the patient to medical care immediately

12.  Cover all extremities by using gloves, wool socks, knits hats, etc.  Dress in layers  Choose clothing that will trap air pockets yet allow moisture to pass through  Avoid getting wet  Change clothing when it is wet or dirty  Identify personnel with a history of cold weather injuries, and watch them carefully  Use the buddy system