1. Mineral Definitions How they Form
Minerals Notes
Mineral Definitions
How they Form

2. 5 Points to Minerals Natural Occurring Solid
Orderly Crystalline Structure
Definite Chemical Composition
Considered Inorganic

3. Naturally Occurring
1 Naturally Occurring  NOTHING MANMADE

4. Solid
2 Solid  In Normal living temp. Minerals are solid.

5. Orderly Crystalline Structure
3 Orderly Crystalline Structure  atoms are arranged in orderly pattern.
Tetrahedron

6. Tetrahedron is a pyramid with a triangular base

7. Types of Silicate minerals and their crystalline shape and structure.
Notice the Silicon to Oxygen ratio, as this increases, the likelihood of it chemically weathering decreases.

8. Question 1
How many sides does the base of a tetrahedron have? 3 4 5

9. CORRECT

10. INCORRECT

11. Definite Chemical Composition
4 Definite Chemical composition  Exact perfect mix or ratio of chemicals forms mineral.

12. Inorganic
Considered Inorganic  or Does not come from living things.

13. Question 2 Which of the following is not a mineral rule?
Definite Chemical Composition
Solid
Organic
Orderly Crystalline Structure

14. CORRECT

16. Question #3 Coal is NOT a mineral because…
It occurs naturally
It is a solid
It is organic

17. CORRECT

19. 4 ways minerals form Crystallization from Magma Precipitation
Pressure and Temperature
Hydrothermal Solutions

20. Crystallization from Magma
As Magma, or lava under ground cools  different elements harden before others. Iron first and Silicon Last.

21. Example Olivine

22. Bowen’s Reaction Series

26. Precipitation
Precipitation  Water containing dissolved minerals evaporates  leaves behind precipitated mineral.

27. Example

30. Pressure and Temperature
Preexisting Minerals  are subject to extra heat and or pressure  rearranges crystalline structure  rearranges properties.

31. Pressure and Temp Example  Talc

33. Heat and
Pressure
Limestone Marble

34. Hydrothermal Solutions
Very Hot Water contains dissolved solutions  React with other minerals when in contact  forms new minerals.

35. Example  Chalcoapyrite

36. Pyroxene Amphibole Quartz Biotite
Question #4 Which of the following minerals comes after Olivine in Bowens Reaction Series?
Pyroxene
Amphibole
Quartz
Biotite

37. CORRECT!

39. Olivine Salt Marble Galena
Question #5 Which of the following is an example of a precipitate mineral?
Olivine
Salt
Marble
Galena

40. CORRECT!

42. Question #6 Which of the following was created from Heat and Pressure?
Olivine
Salt
Chalcopyrite
Talc

43. CORRECT!

45. Sulfates and Sulfides Silicates Carbonates Oxides Halides
6 Mineral Groups
Sulfates and Sulfides
Halides
Native Elements
Silicates
Carbonates
Oxides

46. Silicates
Oxygen combines with Silicone to form a tetrahedron shape  /crystal E

47. Examples
Olivine
Pyroxene
Quartz

48. Calcite = CaCO3 Carbonates Contain Carbon, Oxygen and a metal.
Calcite is the most common of the carbonate minerals.

49. Oxides Example = Rutile Titanium
Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements  usually a metal.
Oxides
Example = Rutile Titanium

50. Sulfates and Sulfides
Sulfides contain just a Sulfur and a metal. Like Iron Sulfide or FeS2.
Sulfates contain a Sulfate and a metal. Sulfate is different from Sulfide in that it contains an O with the S. Like FeSO4

51. Which of the following is the Sulfate?
NiSO4
NiS4

52. CORRECT!

54. Halides F
Halides are minerals that contain an element from the halogen family or… Cl Br I E

55. Halide Examples
NaCl
CaF
NaI

56. Native Elements  Example
Copper
Gold
Silver

57. Homework
Page 49
Problems 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7