1. Lesson 3-2 Preventing Infectious Diseases

2. o Get out Student Journal, Lesson 2 Journal Entry o Write a few sentences about how being ill could affect a person’s quality of life. o How does a temporary sickness or infection, such as a cold or the flu, affect quality of life? o What about a more serious or longer-lasting illness? Bell Ringer

3. o Disease literally means “not at ease” o Any destructive process that can affect a living organism. o Disease – describes an illness or infection that disrupts the function of or causes harm to the body. Infectious Disease

4. o What are some illnesses or diseases you’ve heard of? o One way that experts understand diseases is to look at how people get them. o Some of the diseases you named are illnesses you can catch or get from other people or from things in the environment. o Some of them are not. Explain

5. o Infectious Diseases – those that can be passed by contact with pathogens (germs), or organisms that cause disease. o When someone gets a type of germ in his or her body, we say that this person has become infected with the disease. o An infection occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and begin to damage body cells. o If the body is not able to resist or fight off the infection, disease will develop. Infectious Diseases

6. o Single-cell living organism that are found in the air, soil, water, and inside the bodies of other living things o Helpful – digest food or break down waste o Cause disease in humans, plants, and animals o Ex. Strep throat, tetanus, and tuberculosis Bacteria

7. o Made up of genetic material surrounded by a coating of protein. o Not a living organism and cannot reproduce without the aid of a living host cell. o Ex. Common cold, chicken pox, warts, hepatitis, mumps, measles, and HIV/AIDS Viruses

8. o Animals that consist of a simple, single cell o Useful role in the food chain o Some eat harmful bacteria o Others are parasites and can transmit disease to their host o Example – malaria, sleeping sickness, and dysentery Protozoa

9. o Living organisms that share characteristics of both plants and animals. o Mushrooms, yeast, and molds o Ex. Fungal diseases include yeast infections, ringworm, and athletes foot Fungi

10. o Living organisms that live on/ inside other living organisms and get food, shelter, or other things they need to survive from the host. o The host is often harmed o Enter a person’s body through contaminated water or food and can cause diarrhea or other digestive problems. o Ex. Ticks – Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever o Mosquitos - Malaria Parasites

11. o Person to person contact o Other people get the disease from contact with the infected person o Ex. Touching an infected person’s skin, or when infected blood, mucus, or other body fluids get inside another person’s body. Direct Contact

12. o Infected person’s skin or body fluids don’t directly touch or enter the other person through direct contact. o Someone with a cold rubs their nose and then opens a door – cold virus is transmitted to the door knob o Someone else touches that same door know and then rubs their nose – pathogen is transferred o Can happen with tissues, eating utensils, and many other objects. o Cough or sneeze without covering the nose/mouth. o Droplets of mucus/saliva get airborne which can then be breathed in by another person. o Animals/Insects can pass pathogens from one person to another if they bite someone who is infected and then bite or sting another person. o Eat or drink contaminated food or water. o Needles syringes or other equipment. Indirect Contact

13. o Develop inside a person’s body, and can’t be caught or passed to other people. o You’ll be learning more about these types of diseases in the next lesson. o Which of the illnesses and diseases you named earlier are infectious? Noninfectious Diseases

14. o Before we look at way to stop the spread of infection, let’s focus a bit more on different ways the germs that cause infections can be transmitted. o There are many different modes of transmission. o Let’s look at the list of infectious diseases and review how people can get some of the main ones. Explain

15. o Direct o Touching or kissing o Indirect o Breathing in airborne particles containing the virus o Touching tissues, doorknobs, or other objects that have the virus on them Cold or Flu

16. o Through contaminated food or water o Direct o Spoiled food – bacteria growing in it o Food not cooked properly o Indirect o Food contains virus/pathogen transferred from person who prepared it (don’t wash hands or equipment not cleaned right) Food Poisoning

17. o Hepatitis A o Transmitted indirectly when contaminated feces get into water or food o Not washing his or her hands and then preparing food o Water supply in contact with contaminated feces o Hepatitis B and C o Transmitted by blood o Direct – touching infected blood o Indirect – needles (drugs, vitamins, tattooing, piercing) o Hepatitis B – direct- semen or vaginal fluids Hepatitis – infects and damages the liver

18. o Causes AIDS o Directly – through infected semen or vaginal fluids during sexual intercourse with a person who has HIV o Transmitted through blood o Sharing needles o Not transmitted directly from day-to-day contact o Safe to touch, hug, shake hands or share eating utensils with someone who has HIV HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

19. o Infectious diseases vary in how easily they are transmitted o For example, you can’t get HIV from casual, everyday contact with someone who has the virus, but you could get a cold or flu in this way. Explain

20. o 1. Eliminate the source of the pathogen o Throw away spoiled food, drain pond with contaminated water, and quarantine o Handle and dispose of body fluids appropriately o Properly and promptly clean up blood, vomit, or feces o Dispose of body fluid in special containers o Safely handle and dispose of contaminated items o Sterilize needles and other equipment o Never reuse sharp items – dispose in sealed containers Prevent Infectious Disease:

21. 2. Keep food safe o Cook foods to the proper temperatures o Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold o Refrigerate leftovers o Throw away food that looks or smells spoiled o Don’t use the same cutting board to cut raw meat and then cut vegetables or other foods. Prevent Infectious Disease:

22. 3. Protect yourself o Wash your hands frequently o Always use sterile equipment o Bandage wounds immediately o Wear latex gloves when cleaning blood/other body fluid o Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth when around people who are ill. o Never share needles for any reason o Be up to day on recommended vaccines or immunizations (measles, mumps, rubella, flu) Prevent Infectious Disease:

23. 1. Don’t spread germs to others – o Don’t hug or kiss other people when you’re sick o Cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze or cough 2. Don’t spread germs to objects – ex. Wash hands frequently when sick 3. Don’t spread germs to food – ex. Don’t use fingers to eat from jar. 4. Keep your immune system strong by following healthy habits – rest, sleep, healthy foods. Stop The Spread:

24. o Look back at what you wrote on: o WB pg.2-3 Assessing My Health Habits Survey o How are you doing in preventing infectious disease? o Could you improve any of these habits? o Are there other actions you could add to help prevent infectious diseases? Review Survey

25. o 2 – 3 in a group o Pg. 4-5 in Workbook - Infectious Disease Detective o Read the case studies in your group. For each one analyze how the infection was transmitted and what could have been done to prevent or stop the spread of the infection. Activity - Case Studies

26. o What’s one behavior that you plan to do today to reduce your risk of getting an infectious disease? Close