1. Cadences

2.  Def.= A Harmonic Goal, specifically the chords used at the goal.  Some Cadences sound more final, where as others leave us off balance, feeling a need for the music to continue.  ex. Cadence in the middle of a phrase vs. cadence at the end of a phrase.  Your strongest cadence should be at the end of the section or final phrase.

3.  Cadences to end a Phrase: Authentic Cadences  PAC=Perfect Authentic Cadence (V7-I) with Root in the Melody  IAC=Imperfect Authentic Cadences Root Position IAC= V7-I but 3 rd or 5 th of I chord is in the melody Inverted IAC=V7-I with either or both chords inverted Leading Tone IAC= some form of viio-I  Cadences to Extend of Phrase:  DC= Deceptive Cadence V-vi (Double the 3 rd )  HC= Half Cadence ?-V (can be preceeded by any other chord)  PHC= Phrygian Half Cadence iv6-V in minor  PC= Plagal Cadence IV-I (they are final sounding but not as important as the authentic cadence

4. Forms in Music

5.  Motif: a short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic element used repeatedly throughout a piece.  Phrase: single coherent musical thought that move to a goal-the cadence. A four-measure segment make a phrase only when it concludes with a cadence.  Binary Form: A B  Ternary Form: A B A  Rondo Forms:  A B A B A  A B A C A  A B A C A B A

6.  Period= Two Phrases combine together to form a period if they seem to go together and if the second phrase ends with a more conclusive cadence than the first phrase  AKA=Antecedent-Consequent Relationship  Ex. Swing Low, Sweet Chariot  Parallel Period= When two phrases making up the period begin identically, or the second phrase is a variation of the first  Ex. Mary had a little lamb

7.  Contrasting Period= When two phrases are different from each other  Ex. Baa, Baa Black Sheep  Repeated Parallel Period= Two Phrases that form a Parallel Period repeated exactly  Double Period= A group of 4 phrases in which the only PAC appears at the conclusion of the fourth phrase. The first two phrases form the antecedent, and the second two form the consequent