1. Chapter 5 The Spirit of Independence

2. End-of-section questions 1. Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act? 2. How did the Townshend Acts differ from the Stamp Act? 3. Who are the Sons of Liberty?

3. Proclamation 1763  After the French and Indian War colonists were prohibited from living west of the Appalachian Mountains  Good for the British because:  Helps keep peace with Native Americans  Keeps colonists near the coast where British authority was stronger  Controls westward expansion and fur trade

4. New taxes on the colonies  To pay for the expense of the French and Indian war and the cost of keeping 10,000 soldiers in the colonies:  New taxes are issued on the colonies  To avoid taxes colonists start smuggling  This causes British revenues to fall  To stop smuggling British judges tried smugglers and made use of writs of assistance: Allowing British officers to search anywhere

5. The Sugar Act  Thinking that smuggling will be reduced if taxes are reduced, English Parliament passes The Sugar Act, which lowers the tax on molasses  Colonists needed molasses from the West Indies for the production of rum  The Act also allowed British officers to seize goods from accused smugglers  This took away the colonists’ right to a jury trial

6. Stamp Act  Tax on almost all printed materials: Wills, newspapers and playing cards  Colonists said that only their own assemblies could tax them  In Boston, Samuel Adams helped start the Sons of Liberty who took to the streets protesting  Delegates from 9 colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress and sent a statement to the king and Parliament  Colonists boycott British goods  Businesses in Britain lost money and Parliament repeals the Stamp Act  Parliament passes the Declaratory Act stating that they have the right to tax and make decisions for the colonies

7. The Townshend Acts  Taxes for imported goods such as glass, tea, and paper  Tax paid at the ports when goods arrived  Women protested by boycotting British goods and wearing homemade fabrics some called themselves Daughters of Liberty