1. PREPARATION OF ACIDS CARBONYLATION OF ORGANOMETALLICS

2. Hydrolysis of RCN RCOO- RCOOH - NH 3 (smell) (no smell )

3. EXAMPLE  CO2  -hydroxy acid

4. REACTION OF ACIDS NUCLEOPHILIC ACYL SUBSTITUTION Have not we seen this before? Please, no more!!! Give me Cell Bio, Genetics or even Physics, but no more this!!! Boring, boring, boring.

5. Acid Derivatives acetamide

6. Fisher Esterification + HOH ACID ALCOHOL ESTER NOTE: IT IS AN EQUILIBRIUM REACTION USE BENZENE AS SOLVENT AND STEAM DISTILLED THE WATER FORMED OR USE LARGE EXCESS OF ALCOHOL H+H+

7. Prelude to Fisher Mechanism Where does O 18 end up in products ? IF IN ESTER, THEN CLEAVAGE OCCURRED AT O 18 -H IF IN WATER, THE CLEAVAGE AT CARBONYL - O -18

8. PRIME EXAMPLE OF ACID CATALYZED ACYL NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION -HO 18 H

9. EMIL FISHER SECOND CHEMIST TO RECEIVE NOBEL PRIZE RANKED AMONG TOP 10 SCIENTIST OF ALL TIMES

10. CONVERSIONS OF ACIDS TO ACID CHLORIDES Cl atom is easily eliminated in nucleophlic acyl substitutions CAN CONVERT TO ALL OTHER ACID DERIVATIVES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

11. EXAMPLES RNH 2 R 2 NH

12. ESTERIFICATION USING CH 2 N 2 - N2 CONVERTS HIGHER-BOILING ACIDS TO LOWER BOILING ALDEHYDES - GC/MS

13. CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) - health-giving properties +

14. REDUCTION OF ACID LAH