1. Realizing the Promise of Grid Computing Ian Foster Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory and Department of Computer Science The University of Chicago Presentation to the NSF Advisory Committee on CyberInfrastructure, November 30, 2001

2. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO The Grid Opportunity l What Grids are about: “Resource sharing & coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi- institutional virtual organizations” = entirely new tools, with often revolutionary impacts l The opportunity: advance transition to routine use by multiple years

3. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Why Grids? l A biochemist exploits 10,000 computers to screen 100,000 compounds in an hour l 1,000 physicists worldwide pool resources for petaop analyses of petabytes of data l Civil engineers collaborate to design, execute, & analyze shake table experiments l Climate scientists visualize, annotate, & analyze terabyte simulation datasets l An emergency response team couples real time data, weather model, population data

4. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Why Grids? (contd) l A multidisciplinary analysis in aerospace couples code and data in four companies l A home user invokes architectural design functions at an application service provider l An application service provider purchases cycles from compute cycle providers l Scientists at a multinational company collaborate on the design of a new product l A community group pools members’ PCs to perform environmental impact study

5. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Grids: Why Now? l Moore’s law improvements in computing produce highly functional endsystems l The Internet and burgeoning wired and wireless provide universal connectivity l Changing modes of working and problem solving emphasize teamwork, computation l Network exponentials produce dramatic changes in geometry and geography –9-month doubling: double Moore’s law! –1986-2001: x340,000; 2001-2010: x4000?

6. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO The Grid World: Current Status l An exciting time, in many ways –Dozens of major Grid projects worldwide >Deployment, technology, application –Consensus on key concepts & technologies >E.g., Globus Toolkit as de facto standard –Growing industrial interest l But also: –Funded by an inadequate patchwork of diverse, mostly short-term sources –No long-term coordinated plan aimed at injecting Grid technologies into community –International programs outpacing U.S. efforts!

7. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO PACIs and Grids l PACIs play critical role in Grid development –Act very effectively as nucleation point, bully pulpit, technology explorer –Major resource providers for community l But grid technologies & applications are essentially unfunded mandates for PACIs –“Grids” a tiny fraction of total PACI budget –Situation only worse for TeraGrid! l Current situation untenable long term –New scientific tools are not created for free

8. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO What is Needed: A National Grid Program l Goal: Accelerate “Grid-enablement” of entire science & engineering communities –Don’t wait the 20 years it took the Internet! l Program components 1) Persistent R, D, outreach, support organization 2) Application-oriented “Grid challenge” projects 3) Infrastructure: campus, national, international 4) Basic research, engaging CS community 5) Explicit international component l Explicit and strong interagency coordination

9. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO A Persistent Grid Technology Organization l We’re talking about a complete retooling of entire science and engineering disciplines –Not a part-time, or three-year, or graduate student business –Also not something we can buy (yet) l We need a persistent national organization that can support this process –Technology R&D, packaging, delivery –Training, outreach, support –GRIDS Center an (unproven) existing model

10. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Application “Grid Challenge” Projects l Goal: Engage significant number of communities in the transition to Grids –GriPhyN, NVO, NEESgrid existing models l Emphasize innovation in application of technology and impact to community –May be data-, instrumentation-, compute-, and/or collaboration-intensive –Aim is to achieve improvement in the quality and/or quantity of science or engineering –And to entrain community in new approaches

11. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Upgrade National Infrastructure l Seed nation with innovative Grid resources –iVDGL one existing model l Encourage formation of campus Grids –Re-think campus infrastructure program? –U.Tenn SinRG one existing model l Enhance national & international networks, link with TeraGrid –Advanced optical nets, StarLight, etc. l Operations and monitoring

12. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Basic Research l Engage researchers in imagining & creating new tools & problem-solving methods –In a world of massive connectivity, data, sensors, computing, collaboration, … l And in understanding and creating the new supporting services & infrastructure needed l This is not “CS as usual”

13. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Explicit International Component l International connections are important, to –Support international science & engineering –Connect with international Grid R&D –Achieve consensus and interoperability l But international cooperation, especially in technology R&D, is hard l An National Grid Program needs to provide explicit support for international work –Infrastructure: networks –Support for projects

14. foster@mcs.anl.gov ARGONNE  CHICAGO Resource Requirements l Persistent technology/support org: $30M –~200 people l Application “Grid challenges”: $20M –10 teams, with application & CS involvement l Infrastructure upgrades: $20M –Tb networks, campus infrastructures l Research: $15M –Grids of tomorrow, & 100s of grad students l International projects: $5M –Support international work in other projects