1. The American Nation Section 1: Washington Takes Office Section 2: Creating a Foreign Policy Section 3: Political Parties Emerge Section 4: The Second President Chapter 9: Launching the New Government, 1789–1800

2. Political Parties Emerge Why did many Americans distrust the idea of political parties?

4. Many Americans Distrusted Political Parties Americans had seen how factions, or opposing groups within parties, worked in Britain. Members of factions were often more interested in personal gain than in public good. Political parties could be a threat to national unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false alarms.” Chapter 9, Section 3

5. Political Parties Emerge How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?

6. The Views of Hamilton and Jefferson IssueHamilton’s ViewsJefferson’s Views Manufacturing or farming Thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. Favored cities and merchants. Thought farmers were the backbone of the nation. Feared manufacturing would concentrate power in the hands of a few wealthy Americans. Federal or state power Federal government should have greater power than state governments. A strong federal government would increase commerce and keep the peace. A small federal government would protect individual freedom. A strong federal government might take over powers the Constitution gave to the states. Chapter 9, Section 3

7. IssueHamilton’s ViewsJefferson’s Views Strict or loose interpretation of the Constitution Preferred a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Believed the Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its duties. The Bank of the United States was necessary. Preferred a strict interpretation. Any power not specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. The Bank of the United States was unconstitutional, or not permitted by the Constitution. Britain or FranceWanted close ties with Britain.Wanted close ties with France.

8. Political Parties Emerge Why did political parties develop?

10. Why Political Parties Developed Hamilton and Jefferson clashed in private. Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize the supporters of their views. They met with leading New York politicians. Leaders in other states organized to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans. Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists. Newspapers began to take sides. The two political parties took part in the election of 1796.

11. FederalistsRepublicansvs. Were led by Alexander Hamilton Believed wealthy and well educated should lead nation Favored strong central government Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Favored loose interpretation of Constitution Were pro-British Favored national bank Favored protective tariff Were led by Thomas Jefferson Believed people should have political power Favored strong state governments Emphasized agriculture Favored strict interpretation of Constitution Were pro-French Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariff

12. Political Parties Emerge How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions?

14. The Election of 1796 Republican CandidatesFederalist Candidatesvs. Thomas Jefferson for President Aaron Burr for Vice President John Adams for President Thomas Pinckney for Vice President The Winners John Adams for President Thomas Jefferson for Vice President Chapter 9, Section 3

15. Section 3 Assessment One issue the first political parties clashed over was a) which should be stronger—the central government or the state governments. b) whether the United States should expand beyond its original borders. c) whether George Washington should be permitted to retire. d) whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare laws unconstitutional. In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the person with the second highest number of votes became Vice President. One problem this caused in the election of 1796 was that a) the votes had to be counted twice. b) candidates for President and Vice President had to run together on the same ticket. c) the views of the opposing candidates were the same. d) the people chosen as President and Vice President were from opposing parties. Chapter 9, Section 3

16. Section 3 Assessment One issue the first political parties clashed over was a) which should be stronger—the central government or the state governments. b) whether the United States should expand beyond its original borders. c) whether George Washington should be permitted to retire. d) whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare laws unconstitutional. In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the person with the second highest number of votes became Vice President. One problem this caused in the election of 1796 was that a) the votes had to be counted twice. b) candidates for President and Vice President had to run together on the same ticket. c) the views of the opposing candidates were the same. d) the people chosen as President and Vice President were from opposing parties. Chapter 9, Section 3