1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. World War I From 1917 to Armistice

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Understand the setbacks that the Allies faced in 1917 and 1918. Discover how American forces contributed to the Allied victory. Explain the agreement that ended the fighting. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People convoy – a large group of merchant vessels sailing together John J. Pershing– commander of the American Expeditionary Force Vladimir Lenin– Bolshevik leader who seized control of Russia’s government in 1917

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People (continued) communism – an economic and political system based on the idea that social classes and the right to private property should be eliminated armistice – a halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did the arrival of American troops in Europe affect the course of the war? After Congress declared war, it took over a year for the United States to engage in major battles. American soldiers quickly helped bring about an overwhelming Allied victory.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1917, U.S. forces prepared to go overseas. The U.S. Army chose John J. Pershing to lead American troops in Europe. He wanted American troops to fight in separate units under U.S. command. This would show the world that the United States could stand on its own.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Meanwhile, German submarines attacked ships bringing supplies from the United States to the Allies. More than 11 million tons of Allied shipments were destroyed and nearly 14,000 people were killed.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Allied naval leaders had destroyers sail in convoys with supply ships for protection. Allied ship losses fell dramatically.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. U.S. troops joined the Allies in June 1917, but the Allies continued to face setbacks. The Italians were defeated by the Central Powers at Caporetto. Russia withdrew from the war and made peace with Germany. In March 1918, Germany broke through the Allied lines.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Workers should unite to overthrow the ruling class. On November 7, 1917, a radical group called the Bolsheviks seized control of Russia. The new leader, Vladimir Lenin, embraced the ideas of communism. Social classes and private property should be eliminated.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Losing Russia was a huge setback for the Allies. Lenin pulled Russia out of the war and made peace with Germany. It transferred a great deal of territory to Germany. Germany moved many troops out of its new territory and moved them to the Western Front.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In March 1918, Germany began a series of attacks called the “peace offensive.” In June, the Germans broke through Allied lines in Belgium and France. U.S. troops arrived to reinforce the Allies. Pershing pledged that U.S. troops would now fight under French command.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In July, the Allies won several battles in France. In the summer of 1918, U.S. troops helped turn the tide for the Allies. The Allies began an offensive. By November, they were advancing on Germany.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Germany’s leaders realized that their cause was lost. They decided to seek an armistice. France and Britain wanted to impose a harsh settlement. President Wilson proposed a peace plan based on international cooperation. France and Britain dictated the terms of the armistice.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Pull back its troops from the Western Front Hand over all of its U-boats The Kaiser fled, and Germany became a republic. President Wilson also demanded that Germany’s leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II, step down. Cancel its peace treaty with Russia The terms of the armistice were harsh. Germany was forced to:

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The armistice took effect at 11 A.M. on November 11, 1918. Soldiers returned home. Millions had been severely wounded. The war had ended. Soldiers could hardly believe it.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. World War I was the most destructive war the world had ever seen. It cost the lives of 10 million military personnel. Some historians believe just as many civilians died.