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Published byAbner Brooks Modified over 8 years ago
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Chemical Equations
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TARGET BOARD At the end of this lesson, you should be able to.. construct balanced chemical equations with state symbols.
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An equation represents what occurs in a chemical reaction. Can be written using words or chemical formulae Word Equation: Sodium + Hydrochloric acid Sodium chloride + Hydrogen Chemical Equation: 2 Na + 2 HCl 2 NaCl + H 2
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(s)(aq) (g) Reacting substances, or reactants are on the left-hand side of the equation. Products or substances formed are on the right-hand side of the equation. The arrow means ‘react to form’ The reaction proceeds from left to right. Sodium and hydrochloric acid react to form sodium chloride and hydrogen.
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Writing the chemical equation Step 1: Write down the chemical formulae of the reactants and products. Step 2: Balance the equation. Step 3: Write down the state symbols.
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Balancing the equation In a chemical reaction, substances are changed into other substances. No matter is created nor destroyed. i.e. the number of atoms before and after the reaction remains the same.
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Examination Tip! Marks can be penalized if you give the wrong state symbols, even when the question did not ask for it!
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Liquid state (l): Pure substance that is in liquid form Aqueous state (aq): Substance dissolved in water Is the substance soluble in water?
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Many ionic compounds are soluble in water. Most covalent compounds are not soluble in water.
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SOLUBLE covalent compounds
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Magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid to form magnesium sulphate and hydrogen.
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Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium sulfate and water.
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SolubleInsoluble All Sodium All Potassium All Ammonium All nitrates Sulphates except Chlorides except Iodides except Bromides except Carbonates except SPA Hydroxides except SPA Oxides except SPA PbSO4 and BaSO4 PbCl 2 and AgCl PbI 2 and AgI PbBr 2 and AgBr
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